中国苦苣苔科植物的多样性与地理分布

Diversity and distribution of Gesneriaceae in China

关键词:  生物多样性保护, 生物地理学, 苦苣苔科

Key words:  biodiversity conservation, biogeography, Gesneriaceae

摘要:

物种多样性编目是开展生物多样性保护的重要基础, 该研究结合最新分子系统学研究成果以及近年来发表的新资料, 对中国苦苣苔科植物多样性和地理分布数据进行了统计和分析。结果表明:中国苦苣苔科植物共有44属671种(含种下单位, 下同), 其中特有属11个; 特有种573种, 占总种数的85.39%。种数最多的10个属依次为广义报春苣苔属(180种)、广义马铃苣苔属(122种)、石蝴蝶属(39种)、半蒴苣苔属(39种)、芒毛苣苔属(38种)、长蒴苣苔属(35种)、石山苣苔属(31种)、吊石苣苔属(31种)、蛛毛苣苔属(28种)、汉克苣苔属(22种)。在地理分布上, 种数排名前10的省份(区)有广西(260种,33属)、云南(236种,30属)、贵州(96种,28属)、广东(93种,17属)、四川(85种,21属)、湖南(58种,13属)、西藏(39种,9属)、湖北(29种,15属)、福建(26种,13属)、江西(25种,9属)。含中国特有苦苣苔科植物的属中排前10位的分别为广义报春苣苔属(178种)、广义马铃苣苔属(119种)、石蝴蝶属(37种)、半蒴苣苔属(35种)、石山苣苔属(30种)、长蒴苣苔属(29种)、吊石苣苔属(23种)、蛛毛苣苔属(19种)、芒毛苣苔属(19种)、汉克苣苔属(11种)。这表明中国南部和西南部是苦苣苔科植物的一个分布中心,特别是石灰岩地区有着高度的物种多样性和特有性,广义报春苣苔属、广义马铃苣苔属、石蝴蝶属、半蒴苣苔属、石山苣苔属、吊石苣苔属等为我国典型的优势属。此外,根据目前的研究现状,还对我国苦苣苔科植物资源的调查、分类学和系统发育研究、保护和可持续利用等进行了讨论。

Abstract:

The species catalogue is the basis of biodiversity conservation studies. We collated the latest Gesneriaceae from China found in recent years. Based on these collection data, we analyzed the diversity in each genus and the distributional patterns in provincial level. There are 671 species(including infraspecies), 44 genera of Gesneriaceae in China, including 573 endemic species, which accounts for 85.39% of total species. The top ten genera are Primulina(180 species), Oreocharis(122 species), Petrocosmea(39 species), Hemiboea(39 species), Aeschynanthus(38 species), Didymocarpus(35 species), Petrocodon(31 species), Lysionotus(31 species), Paraboea(28 species)and Henckelia(22 species). The following ten areas and provinces are rich in Gesneriaceae: Guangxi(260 species, 33 genera), Yunnan(236 species, 30 genera), Guizhou(96 species, 28 genera), Guangdong(93 species, 17 genera), Sichuan(85 species, 21 genera), Hunan(58 species, 13 genera), Tibet(39 species, 9 genera), Hubei(29 species, 15 genera), Fujian(26 species, 13 genera)and Jiangxi(25 species, 9 genera). Endemic species are rich in genera including Primulina(178 species), Oreocharis(119 species), Petrocosmea(37 species), Hemiboea(35 species), Petrocodon(30 species), Didymocarpus(29 species), Lysionotus(23 species), Paraboea(19 species), Aeschynanthus(19 species)and Henckelia(11 species). Our results indicate that Primulina has the highest species diversity and the endemism in China, followed by Oreocharis, Petrocosmea, Hemiboea, Petrocodon and Lysionotus. South and Southwest China are the centers of Gesneriad diversity, containing many representative and narrow-range endemic species. Within South and Southwest China, the limestone areas have the highest species diversity and percentage of endemic species. Gesneriaceae has high diversity in China, so that more taxonomic and phylogenetic studies to be done in the future, as well as conservation and sustainable utilization.