不同成花量金花茶花果期果枝叶内源激素的变化

Dynamic changes of endogenous hormones in fruit branch leaves of Camellia nitidissima with different flower numbers during blossom and fruit periods

关键词:  金花茶, 果枝叶, 成花量, 花果期, 吲哚乙酸, 赤霉素, 玉米素核苷, 脱落酸

Key words:  Camellia nitidissima, fruit branch leaves, flower number, blossom and fruit periods, IAA, GA₃, ZR, ABA

摘要:

该研究运用酶联免疫法(ELISA)对不同成花量(花多、花少、无花)金花茶花果期果枝叶内源激素吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素(GA₃)、玉米素核苷(ZR)、脱落酸(ABA)含量进行了测定。结果表明:始花期金花茶果枝叶内源IAA先升高后降低,花多株含量低于花少株; 有花株ZR含量高于无花株; GA₃含量呈现整体上升趋势,有花株高于无花株; ABA含量先降低后升高,无花株高于花多株。盛花期IAA、GA₃、ABA含量整体下降,ZR含量先降低后升高,花多株叶内源IAA、ZR、GA₃含量高于花少株或无花株,ABA含量低于花少株或无花株。花期内,有花株果枝叶IAA/ZR、IAA/ABA、ZR/ABA、GA₃/ABA比值均高于无花株,而(IAA+GA₃)/ZR比值低于无花株,说明金花茶花果的发育不仅和单个激素的含量有关,还和激素平衡有关。秋梢期营养生长旺盛时无花株IAA/ZR比值较大,花果期生殖生长强烈时比值较小,(IAA+GA₃)/ZR与之相反。这说明花蕾期高水平的内源IAA、ZR和ABA及低水平的内源GA₃有利于金花茶开花; 末花期高含量的IAA、ZR和低含量的GA₃、ABA可减少落花落果,提高坐果率,有利于果实快速生长; 果实生长后期高含量的ABA有利于果实成熟。该研究结果为生产上应用生长调节剂调控金花茶成花、坐果提供了理论依据。

Abstract:

In order to investigate the physical problem of flowering and fructification rate of endangered plant Camellia nitidissima, and provide the theory basis for species conservation, the contents and ratio of GA₃, IAA, ZR and ABA in fruit branch leaves of C. nitidissima of more-flower, less-flower and non-flower were measured by ELISA(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)method during blossom and fruit periods. In early-bloom stage, the content of IAA in leaves rised firstly and then fell, and its content of more-flower-plant was lower than that of less-flower-plant leaves; the content of ZR in flower-plant was higher than that of non-flower-plant; the content of GA₃ appeared an upward trend, and its content of flower-plant was higher than non-flower-plant; the contents of ABA decreased firstly and then increased, and its content of more-flower-plant was lower than non-flower-plant. In full-bloom stage, the contents of IAA, GA₃ and ABA declined overall; the content of ZR rised firstly and then fell; the contents of IAA, ZR, GA₃ in more-flower plant were higher than those in less-flower-plant or non-flower-plant, while the content of ABA was less than that of other plants. During the bloom period, the ratio of IAA/ZR, IAA/ABA, ZR/ABA and GA₃/ABA of flower-plant were higher than that of non-flower-plant, but the ratio of(IAA+GA₃)/ZR was just in contrast, which also indicate the development of flower and fruit was related to not only single plant hormone but also the balance of plant hormones. During autumn shoot period with active vegetative growth, the ratio of IAA/ZR of non-flower-plant was larger than that of flower-plant, while the ratio of IAA/ZR of non-flower-plant was smaller in blossom and fruit period with vigorous reproductive growth, but the ratio of(IAA+GA₃)/ZR was just in contrast. The results showed that high level of IAA, ABA, ZR and low level of GA₃ in bud stage was benefitial for blossom, high content of IAA, ZR and low content of GA₃, ABA in post-bloom stage was conducive to reducing blossom and fruit dropping, increased fruit-bearing rate and promoting fruit rapid growth, high ABA content before harvesting was favorable toward fruit ripening. Therefore, it can provide theoretical reference for using plant growth regulator to reduce the fallen petal and fruit abscission in production of C. nitidissima.