濒危植物古林箐秋海棠的扦插繁殖及回归引种初探

Cutting propagation and regression planting of endangered plant Begonia gulinqingensis

关键词:  濒危植物, 古林箐秋海棠, 扦插繁殖, 回归引种

Key words:  endangered plants, Begonia gulinqingensis, cutting propagation, regression planting

摘要:

该研究以生物统计的正交试验设计为理论依据,列出影响秋海棠扦插生根成苗率的插穗水平、扦插基质、生长刺激素和遮光率4个主要因子,每个因子设3个不同的水平,根据L₉(3⁴)正交试验因素、水平组合进行了9个4因素3水平的正交试验。结果表明:通过L₉(3⁴)正交试验,获得了濒危植物古林箐秋海棠(Begonia gulinqingensis)的叶片扦插繁殖最佳方案为保持扦插床温度22～28 ℃,基质温度18～22 ℃,空气相对湿度60%～75%,遮光率70%～75%。以叶片作为插穗,珍珠岩为扦插基质,100 mg·L^-1萘乙酸处理切口,扦插期间给予插穗充足的水分管理,扦插20～25 d插穗切口产生不定根,70～85 d萌发不定芽形成新植株,扦插繁殖成苗率达74%。将获得的扦插繁殖再生植株定植于云南马关县古林箐乡柏木山自然分布区的原生森林生态生境地和次生开发杜仲、草果林生态生境地进行回归引种对比试验。原生森林生态居群的回归植株平均保存率为57.6%,开花率为40%,结实率为36.6%,落子成苗率为36.1%。回归植株能在原生地自然繁衍,是古林箐秋海棠回归引种的可行方法。

Abstract:

We made a orthogonal test based on the theoretical basis of biostatistics, and listed four main factors of cutting slips level, cutting medium, growth hormone and shading rate affecting the rooting seedling rate of Begonia gulinqingensis. Each factor was set to three different levels, according to L₉(3⁴)orthogonal test, nine level combination of four factors orthogonal test at three level. Through L₉(3⁴)orthogonal test, we obtained the best solution for breeding leaf cutting of B. gulinqingensisendangered plant: keeping cutting bed temperature 22-28 ℃, cutting medium temperature 18-22 ℃, humidity 60%-75%, shading rate 70%-75%, as the cuttings in leaves and cutting medium in the perlites, 100 mg·L^-1 rhodofix to deal with cuttings, to give sufficient water during cutting management and its rooting rate 74%. Normally, cutting to adventitious roots needed 20-25 d and cutting to a new plant needed 70-85 d. The regenerated plants were planted in the natural distribution area be in progress reintroduction contrast test. The results showed that average preservation rate of native forest ecological group was 57.6%, the flowering rate 40%, the seed setting rate 36.6%, and seed regeneration rate 36.1%. Regression planting can reproduce the natural vegetation in the habitat of B. gulinqingensis, and it is a feasible method of ecological restoration.