珍稀濒危植物紫荆木生态学研究进展

Research advances on ecological characteristics of a rare and endangered plant Madhuca pasquieri

关键词:  地理分布, 群落特征, 生境, 物种保护, 紫荆木

Key words:  geographical distribution, community characteristics, habitat, species conservation, Madhuca pasquieri

摘要:

珍稀濒危植物作为生物多样性的重要组成部分,是保护生物学研究的核心内容之一。紫荆木(Madhuca pasquieri)为现状稀有种,IUCN名录中濒危等级为VU易危,在中国被列为国家重点保护野生植物(Ⅱ级)和极小种群野生植物,是稀有的油料树种和珍贵的用材树种,具有极高的药用价值。在全球气候变化和生境破碎化的大背景下,紫荆木的现状研究和保护策略的制定显得尤为重要。该文介绍了紫荆木自然地理分布、群落生态学特征,归纳总结了国内外的保护应用及研究现状。目前针对紫荆木就地保护、迁地保护、化学成分、人工培育技术等方面已开展了一些研究工作,但研究仍处于初级阶段。下一步可完善紫荆木分布信息,并结合野外调查和长期实验,系统研究其生物及生态学特性。同时,将就地保护、迁地保护和回归有机结合,应用分子生物学技术加强紫荆木育种、繁殖和栽培技术的研究,建立繁殖培育基地,并积极开发其经济价值,在园林绿化中推广应用。

Abstract:

As an important component of biodiversity, rare and endangered plants are one of the core contents of conservation biology. Madhuca pasquieri, a rare species currently, is regarded as VU(vulnerable)species in the IUCN Red List and listed as a kind of national key protected wild plants(Ⅱ)and wild plants of extremely small population. It is also a kind of rare oil tree species and precious timber species with high medicinal value. Due to the global climate change and the habitat fragmentation, it is rather important to study the current situation of M. pasquieri and formulate relevant conservation strategies. Based on the data of specimen records of herbariums, this paper mainly introduced the natural geographical distribution of M. pasquieri, compared population and community characteristics of the main distribution sites of M. pasquieri and systematically analyzed the current research and protection at domestic and overseas. The results are as follows:(1)With a wide range of vertical distribution from 200 to 1 400 m above, wild populations of M. pasquieri are mainly distributed in North Vietnam, South Guangxi, Southwest Guangdong and Southeast Yunnan.(2)The community of M. pasquieri forest has abundant species in tree layer, shrub layer, herb layer and vine layer. M. pasquieri is the dominant species in the main forest layer or important companion species in acid rain forest in Guangxi.(3)Mainly scattered in the warm and humid habitat, M. pasquieri is tolerant of drought and barren environments with krasnozem and laterite soil. It is concluded that the research of in situ and ex situ conservations, chemical composition and artificial cultivation of M. pasquieri have been carried out. However, these researches are still in primary stages. The following are hoped to be strengthened in the future: The supplement of the distribution information, field investigations with long-term experiment and the reintroduce of M. pasquieri based on in situ and ex situ conservations. Furthermore, molecular biology techniques are needed to strengthen the breeding, propagation and cultivation techniques of M. pasquieri, and can be actively developed for economic value and can be applied in landscaping.