药用植物引种驯化原理研究

Principles of medicinal plant introduction and domestication

关键词:  药用植物, 引种, 驯化, 药效, 发源中心

Key words:  medicinal plant, introduction, domestication, drug efficacy, center of origin

摘要:

药用植物作为一种重要的资源,其价值主要体现在具有防治疾病的功能,这种功能的物质基础在于植物内部合成的有效成分。药用植物引种驯化的主要目的是为了扩大其资源量,能更好地开发药用植物和可持续利用。因此,药用植物引种驯化不仅要保证药用植物在引种地的生长发育和繁殖,还需保证药效成分的维持与提高,其引种驯化成功的标志是从“药效”到“药效”。为此,该研究在对近年来药用植物药效成分的形成与稳定、药用植物的发源以及药用植物引种与驯化等方面进行综述整理的基础上,提出了药用植物引种驯化的原理,对于目前大量药效成分复杂不清的药用植物,不提倡复杂引种驯化。针对这类药用植物提出了药用植物发源中心假设,即先确定其发源中心,在此中心内收集引种群体和生态各因子的信息,以此为基础,在引种地上保证与药效形成和稳定相关因子不变,确保引种驯化后药用植物的药用功效不减弱或丧失,并通过多种方法综合评价药用植物的药效,从而达到药用植物引种驯化的目的。

Abstract:

Medicinal plant is an important resource for preventing and controlling diseases because of medicinal compounds synthesized by these plants. For sustainable using and developing the resource, introducion and domestication of medicinal plant is essential, so the introduction and domestication of medicinal plants should not only ensure its growth, development and reproduction in the introduction areas, but also ensure the maintenance and improvement of the medicinal compounds. In this paper, the research on the formation and stability of medicinal compounds of medicinal plants, and the research on the origin, introduction and domestication of medicinal plants in recent years were reviewed for solving the problem. And on this basis, the new principles of introduction and domestication of medicinal plants were put forward that as to ensure the medicinal efficacy of medicinal plants not weakened or lost after introduction and domestication, the introduction and domestication of medicinal plants should be based on the stability of the factors involved in the forming and stabilization of medicinal compounds. These factors include genetic background of population and ecological factors, which could be acquired from the center of medicinal plant origin.