| 摘要: |
| 落花落果是花、果实、种子从母体脱落的一种普遍存在的自然现象。发生器官脱落的区域为离区(abscission zone,AZ)。离区分化形成离层,离层与脱落息息相关。离层的发育和功能行使是多酶、多激素、多基因参与调控的复杂而精确的过程。落花落果不仅是作物栽培和育种中的典型农艺性状,而且是植物器官脱落的主要形式之一。减少植物落花落果或控制某些植物适度落花落果,提高作物和果蔬类植物的产量和品质,是人类在作物驯化上努力的目标。该文基于前人对植物器官脱落的生理生化和分子生物学机制的研究,主要从植物落花落果的细胞学基础、生理生化机制、遗传学规律、分子生物学和相关基因定位、转录组分析方面阐述落花落果分子机理,重点从落花落果的分子生物学和相关基因定位两个方面进行剖析落花落果的作用机制,以便为作物遗传育种研究提供理论指导。 |
| 关键词: 离层, 落花落果, 细胞学, 基因定位, 分子机制 |
| DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw201710013 |
| 分类号:Q943 |
| 文章编号:1000-3142(2018)09-1234-14 |
| Fund project:国家自然科学基金(31471562); 国家燕麦荞麦现代农业产业技术体系专项项目(CARS-07-A5); 贵州省高层次创新型人才培养对象十百千计划项目(2014GZ97588); 贵州省荞麦工程技术研究中心项目(黔科合农G字【2015】4003号); 贵州省农业攻关项目(黔科合农【2017】005号)[Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31471562); Special Fund of China Agriculture Research System on Oats and Buckwheat(CARS-07-A5); Program of Innovative Talent Development in Guizhou Province(2014GZ97588); Fund for Research Center of Buckwheat Engineering and Technology in Guizhou Province(G[2015]4003); Guizhou Agricultural Sci-Tech Support Program([2017]005)]。 |
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| Research progress on molecular mechanism of plant falling flowers and fruits |
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CUI Yasong, CHEN Qingfu*, HUO Dong'ao, LI Hongyou
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Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
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| Abstract: |
| Falling flowers, fruits and seeds are the common natural phenomenons of plant organs that are detached from the mother plant. The organ exfoliation area is called as abscission zone(AZ). The abscission layer can be differentiated in abscission zone and has close relationship with shedding. The development and function of the abscission layer are controlled by many enzymes, many hormones, and many genes, which involve a complex and accurate process. Falling flowers and fruits are not only typical agronomic traits in crop cultivation and breeding, but also one of the major forms of plant shedding. Reducing the number of plant organs falling or controlling the proper shattering for increasing the yield and quality in some crops, fruits and vegetable plants have been the goal of crop domestication. Based on the previous studies on the physiological, biochemical and molecular biological mechanisms of plant organ abscission, this paper mainly reviewed the molecular mechanism of falling flowers and fruits from the aspects of cytology, physiological and biochemical mechanism, genetics, molecular biology, related gene mapping, and transcriptome analysis. Among them, molecular biology and related gene mapping were focused, which provided some guidance for crop genetics and breeding. |
| Key words: absciss layer, falling flowers and fruits, cytology, gene mapping, molecular mechanism |
