甘蔗试管苗光合自养生根技术研究

Photoautotrophic rooting of sugarcane microshoots

关键词:  甘蔗试管苗, 植物生长调节剂, 叶片导入, 沙土基质, 光合自养生根

Key words:  sugarcane microshoots, plant growth regulator, leaf introduction, soil-sand substrate, photoautotrophic rooting

摘要:

为了简化甘蔗组织培养流程,降低生产成本,该文以甘蔗品种GT44和B9无根试管苗为材料,先经叶片喷施植物生长调节剂处理,然后炼苗24 h,接着把处理后的试验苗移植于沙土混合栽培基质中,研究其在日光温室条件下完成不定根的形成和生长过程; 同时比较了无根试管苗和有根试管苗的移栽存活率和生长情况。试管苗生根率调查时间为试管苗移植后第3天开始至第10天结束,成活率的调查时间为试管苗移植后的第30天。结果表明:经吲哚丁酸(IBA)和ABT2号生根粉处理的无根试管苗的移栽成活率分别为96.3%和97.7%,接近传统生根试管苗的移栽成活率,且其单株试管苗生根成本为传统生根方法的1/28。甘蔗品种GT44和B9试管苗首次出现可见根的时间均发生在试管苗移栽后的第4天。试管苗根的再生可以在有菌的沙土基质栽培和日光温室条件下完成,而不需要在无菌的MS生根培养基和培养室中进行生根; 基因型和试管苗素质是影响甘蔗试管苗光合自养生根的关键因素; 甘蔗试管苗光合自养生根技术比传统试管苗培养基生根技术拥有更多优势,且操作简单、程序简化、生根率和成活率高、省工、节省能源和生产成本、效率高,替代传统的试管苗生根技术,应用于商业化生产。

Abstract:

The purpose of the study on photoautotrophic rooting of sugarcane microshoots was to simplify the process of sugarcane tissue culture and reduce the production cost. In this experiment, the sugarcane variety GT 44 and B9 rootless microshoots, were used as test materials. The microshoots were first treated with leaves and sprayed with plant growth regulator and then hardened for 24 hours. Then the treated microshoots were transplanted into mixture of soil and sand, the adventitious root formation and growth process were completed under sunlight greenhouse conditions. Meanwhile, the survival rate and growth of rootless and rooted microshoots were compared during transplanting in the green house. The rooting rate of microshoots was measured from the third day after microshoots transplantation to the end of the tenth day. The investigation of survival rate was on the 30th day after microshoots transplantation. The results showed that the survival rate of rootless microshoots treated with indole butyric acid(IBA)and ABT2 rooting powder was to 96.3% and 97.7%, respectively, which was close to the survival rate of traditional rooting microshoots. The rooting cost of microshoots by the developed root technique was only 1/28 of that by the traditional rooting method. The first visible roots of sugarcane variety GT44 and B9 were appeared on the fourth day after transplanting of the microshoots. The regeneration of microshoot roots could be done in the sandy soil substrate and solar greenhouse instead of rooting in sterile MS rooting medium and culture room. The genotype and the quality of microshoots were the factors that affect photosynthetic autotrophic root of the key factors. The photoautorophic rooting of microshoots present more advantages over the traditional rooting technique such as simple operation, simplified protocol, the high rooting rate and survival rate, labor saving, energy saving and lower production costs and high efficiency, and it can replace the traditional root technology for commercial production.