新疆石人沟山区岩面生地衣群落分布格局的环境解释

nvironmental interpretation of saxicolous lichen community distribution pattern in Shirengou mountains, Xinjiang, China

关键词:  石人沟, 岩面生地衣, 环境因子, 典范对应分析

Key words:  Shirengou, saxicolous lichens, environmental factors, correspondence canonical analysis

摘要:

地衣作为真菌和绿藻/蓝绿藻的成功共生体,广泛分布在陆地生态中的各种栖息地。岩面生地衣作为陆地生态系统的主要组成部分,在干旱和半干旱地区陆地食物链中具有重要地位,同时对岩石的生物腐蚀和土壤的形成有重要作用。岩面生地衣的多样性和分布格局强烈地受到海拔、湿度、温度、降水量、太阳辐射强度和基物的特征(岩石类型、岩石大小、岩石的化学成分和营养成分)等多种因素的影响。为了研究乌鲁木齐县石人沟山区岩面生地衣群落与基物间的关系,该研究在乌鲁木齐县石人沟山区设立16个样地,计测样地中岩面生地衣的盖度,包括坡度、坡向、光照强度等7个环境因子,采用典范对应分析法(CCA)对各群落的物种分布格局与环境因子的关系进行了探讨。结果表明:石人沟山区的岩面生地衣共有27种,隶属于7目9科15属。其中,黄枝衣目、茶渍目和鸡皮衣目的种类较多,占该地区岩面生地衣总数的74.07%。CCA排序结果显示坡度、坡向、光照强度、湿度、岩石pH值是5个影响岩面生地衣种类分布格局的主要环境因子,并显示了岩面生地衣与样地间的对应性。

Abstract:

Lichens, one of the most successful symbiotic associations of a fungus, a green and/ or blue green alga, are known to inhabit nearly all the terrestrial domains of the planet. As the main component of the terrestrial ecosystem, saxicolous lichens play a pivotal role in the terrestrial food chain of arid and semiarid regions and covering rock outcrops play an important role in rock weathering and soil formation. The diversity and distribution pattern of saxicolous lichens are strongly influenced by environmental variables such as elevation, moisture, temperature, precipitation, exposure to radiation and substrate attributes(i.e. rock types, nutrients, and rock chemistry). In order to study the saxicolous lichens distribution pattern and substratum on the rock in Shirengou mountains of Urumqi County, Xinjiang, China. Sixteen sample plots were sampled and coverage of lichen species, together with seven environmental variables including slop, aspect, light intensity were obtained. The relationship between species distribution of saxicolous lichen and seven different environmental factors was studied by canonical correspondence analysis(CCA). The results shows that 27 saxicolous lichens species belonged to fifteen genera, nine families and seven order, the most frequently order was Teloschistales, Lecanorales and Pertusariales(74.07% of the total number of species). CCA ordination result showed that slope, aspect, humidity, rock pH and light intensity are the five major environmental factors influencing the distributional patterns of saxicolous lichen species and also showed the correspondence between saxicolous lichens and sampling plots.