植物多药和有毒化合物排出转运蛋白研究进展

Research progress in plant multidrug and toxic compound extrusion proteins

关键词:  植物MATEs,基因结构和分类,亚细胞定位,外源物质的排出,次生代谢产物的转运和累积,金属离子的转运,植物激素信号传递

Key words:  plant MATEs, gene structure and classification, subcellular localization,extrusion of exogenous substances, transportation and accumulation of secondary metabolites, translocation of metal ion,plant hormone signal transduction

摘要:

植物在生长及适应环境的过程中会吸收很多有益或有害的物质,自身也会产生大量代谢物,植物对这些物质的转运是植物生长发育及适应环境的重要环节,有多种转运蛋白家族参与其中。多药和有毒化合物排出转运蛋白(MATEs)是生物体中重要的转运蛋白家族之一,而植物中MATE基因的丰富程度要远远高于其他生物。根据植物MATEs的蛋白结构,这些基因被分为4个主要的亚家族,即MATE I,MATE Ⅱ,MATE Ⅲ和MATE IV。同一亚家族或同一MATE基因簇的基因还具有相同或相似的功能。植物MATEs定位于细胞的各种生物膜上,如细胞质膜、液泡膜、高尔基膜及囊泡膜等。此外,一些MATEs的表达还具有组织特异性,它们转运的底物也具有多样性和特异性,使得MATEs呈现出多种生物学功能。它们在外源性物质的排出、次生代谢产物的转运和累积、铁转运、铝脱毒和植物激素信号传递及植物的抗病性等方面都起着重要作用。该文对MATEs的发现、基因分类、亚细胞定位及生理功能等方面进行了概述,对深入研究该基因家族提供了思路,对该基因家族的应用进行了展望。

Abstract:

Plants absorb many beneficial or harmful substances from outside, and produce a vast number of secondary metabolites, during the proceedings of their growth, development and adaptation to the environment. To exert their optimal functions, these substance or metabolites are required to be in the appropriate location at the appropriate time, so the transportation of foreign substances and secondary metabolites in plants is a very important part of physiological processes in plants. The family of multidrug and toxic compound extrusion proteins(MATEs)is one of the most important transporter families, and is present widely almost in all organisms and MATEs in plants are much more abundant than that in other organisms. According to their protein structures, these genes are divided into four subfamilies: MATE I,MATE Ⅱ,MATE Ⅲ and MATE IV. The genes belong to the same subfamily or the same gene cluster have same or similar functions. MATEs in plants locate on various membranes in cells, such as cytoplasmic membrane, vacuolar membrane, golgi membrane and vesicular membrane, etc. Plant MATEs also have a wide variety of substrate with specificity, such as oganic acids, secondary metabolites and plant hormones, which may result in the diversity of their functions. MATEs play important roles in extrusion of exogenous substances, transportation and accumulation of secondary metabolites, translocation of iron ions, detoxication of aluminum, plant hormone signal transduction, disease resistance, and so on. In this review, the discovery and classification of MATE genes, subcellular localization of MATE proteins, and physiological function of MATEs in plants were summarized, their cooperation with other transporter families and some of their applications were also introduced. Furthermore, some ideas for the further study of the gene family were provided, and the applications of the gene family were also prospected.