苦豆子表型性状多样性分析及综合评价

Diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation on phenotypic traits of Sophora alopecuroides

关键词:  苦豆子, 表型多样性, 变异系数, 植株, 种子

Key words:   Sophora alopecuroides, phenotypic diversity, coefficient of variation, plant, seeds

摘要:

该研究以自然分布的内蒙、宁夏、甘肃、新疆、陕西等23个不同地理来源(种源)的野生苦豆子种子及其播种于内蒙古鄂托克前旗同质园内的当年生植株为材料,采用方差分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等方法对种子长、宽、千粒重以及植株的叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶形指数、苗高、地径及生物量等10个表型性状的多样性进行了研究。结果表明:各个表型性状种源间均呈极显著差异,其中种子表型性状的变异系数为5.24%,植株表型性状的变异系数为18.34%,表明种子性状的稳定性高于植株性状。同时,10个性状的表型分化系数均高于70%,说明苦豆子表型多样性主要来源于种源间的表型变异; 各种源苦豆子种子性状的表型分化系数均值高达97.55%,且种长、千粒重分别与采集地经度、纬度和海拔等环境因子呈极显著相关性,说明种子表型性状受环境因素的影响较大; 相关性分析显示,苦豆子植株性状叶长(LL)、叶面积(LA)分别与种子性状千粒重(TW)、种长(SL)和种宽(SW)有显著相关性,暗示表型性状中的可遗传变异影响; 利用主成分和聚类分析对23个种源苦豆子进行综合评价,筛选出生物量较大、苗高较高、千粒重较重、叶面积较大等综合表现较好的6个种源,共分为两类,分别是DK、JY、WY、WH、ETK和YN,这为苦豆子种质资源定向开发以及选育和栽培提供了一定的理论支撑和基础材料。

Abstract:

Seeds of 23 wild Sophora alopecuroides populations were collected from Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Xinjiang and Shaanxi Province, which were finally planted in Etuokeqianqi in Inner Mongolia. ANOVA, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to analyze phenotypic traits such as seed length, seed width, 1 000-seed weight and leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, leaf shape index, seedling height, ground diameter and biomass, which came from seeds and plants among these different S. alopecuroides sources. The results showed that there were significant differences among 23 geographical sources of S. alopecuroides in every phenotypic trait. The average coefficient of variation(CV)of the seed phenotypic traits was 5.24% and the CV of plant phenotypic traits was 18.34%, which indicates that seeds had higher stabi-lity than plants. At the same time, the phenotypic differentiation coefficient of each phenotypic trait was higher than 70%, which indicates that the phenotypic diversity of S. alopecuroides is mainly derived from phenotypic variation between diffe-rent sources. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient of seed phenotypic trait was as high as 97.55% and the seed length and 1 000-seed weight were significantly correlated with the environmental factors such as longitude and altitude, which indicates that the seed phenotypic traits are greatly affected by environmental factors. Correlation analysis showed that the plant traits leaf length(LL)and leaf area(LA)were significantly correlated with seed traits thousand seed weight(TW), seed length(SL)and seed width(SW), which implicated the influence of heritable variation in phenotypic traits. In the end, six sources of S. alopecuroides with larger biomass, higher height, heavier 1 000-seed weight and larger leaf area were picked out through the main components and cluster analysis, which were divided into two categories, and they were DK, JY, WY, WH, ETK and YN. This result will provide certain theoretical support and basic materials for the targeted development, breeding and cultivation of S. alopecuroides germplasm resources.