猕猴桃溃疡病抗性育种研究进展

Research progress on kiwifruit resistance breeding to Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae

关键词:  猕猴桃, 溃疡病, 抗性育种, 鉴定和评价, 抗性机理

Key words:  kiwifruit, bacterial canker, resistance breeding, detection and evaluation, resistant mechanism

摘要:

猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病是一种危害世界猕猴桃生产的毁灭性病害,目前尚未有有效的防治办法。培育抗性品种是保证猕猴桃产业健康发展的重要途径之一,猕猴桃溃疡病抗性育种成为近年来猕猴桃研究的热点。但是,目前大部分猕猴桃种质资源对溃疡病的抗性不明,限制了猕猴桃优异抗性种质资源的发掘和利用。虽然人们发展出了一些猕猴桃溃疡病抗性鉴定和评价方法,但是使用效果并不理想,存在较大的局限性,鉴定的准确性和稳定性还有待提高。该文针对猕猴桃溃疡病抗性育种中的几个方面,如抗性材料的选育(现有品种的抗性、抗性砧木研究和野生抗溃资源等),抗性鉴定和评价技术(大田鉴定、活体或离体鉴定等)及抗性机理研究等进行综述,并针对存在的问题,提出建设性意见。在猕猴桃溃疡病抗性育种过程中,最关键的是要建立一个科学、系统的溃疡病抗性评价体系,以对猕猴桃种质资源进行大规模的抗性普查和评估,在此基础上充分利用种间杂交和工程育种技术加快抗性育种进程,并以此带动猕猴桃溃疡病抗性机理的深入研究和抗病基因的挖掘和利用等,旨在从根本上解决猕猴桃生产中受溃疡病困扰这一关键难题,促进猕猴桃产业绿色、健康和可持续性发展。

Abstract:

Kiwifruit bacterial canker is one of the most destructive disease in kiwifruit industry and so far is incurable. It is believed that the healthy development of the kiwifruit industry is reliant on cultivars that are resistant to kiwifruit bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), and breeding Psa-resistant cultivars has been the hotspot in kiwifruit studies these years. However, the resistant levels of most of existing kiwifruit cultivars or other wild genotypes were to date poorly understood, which hindered practical solutions to the problem of Psa by delaying the identification and use of highly resistant cultivars or wild individuals to breed tolerant or resistant scion and rootstock cultivars. Although some bioassays had been developed for identification and evaluation of kiwifruit resistant ability to Psa, they did not seem to work well, and conflicting conclusions might be drawn as to the resistance of particular genotypes to Psa. A standard methodology for evaluation of Psa resistance in kiwifruit is required. Several aspects in Psa-resistance breeding, such as the breeding of resistant materials(including studies on the resistant ability of existing cultivars to Psa, the breeding of Psa-resistant rootstocks and the findings of Psa-resistant germplasm in wild species), the resistance identification and evaluation techniques(including the evaluation in the field, the in vitro bioassay and seedling bioassays)and the resistance mechanism were summarized here, and constructive suggestions aiming at the existing problems were proposed. The establishment of a scientific and systematic Psa-resistance evaluation assay was thought to be the first thing for Psa-resistance breeding, so as to perform a large-scale kiwifruit resources survey and resistance evaluation, and based on this, it is needed to make full use of interspecific hybridization and genetic engineering technology to accelerate the process of Psa-resistance breeding, thus to drive in-depth study on the resistance mechanism of kiwifruit to Psa and further the mining and utilization of resistance genes. The ultimate goal was aimed at the fundamentally resolving of Psa threating the healthy development of kiwifruit industry, and promoting green, healthy and sustainable development of the kiwifruit industry.