| 摘要: |
| 该研究通过对重庆市不同时期(解放前、直辖前、直辖后)建造的15个综合公园的绿化乔木树种进行调查,分析了公园年龄对绿化乔木多样性和组成的影响以及公园之间的同质化情况。结果表明:(1)共调查到乔木59种,隶属于28科48属。其中,乡土树种占81.36%,外来树种占18.64%。(2)不同年龄公园乔木物种丰富度之间虽无显著差异,但解放后和直辖后公园乔木多度明显高于解放前; 不同年龄公园外来树种的比例无显著差异; 黄葛树、雅榕、复羽叶栾树在公园中的应用呈减少趋势,而日本晚樱、荷花玉兰、木犀、黄兰在绿化中的应用却呈增加趋势。(3)不同年龄公园之间同质化程度较低,解放前公园植物群落间Jaccard相似性指数明显高于其他两个阶段,且公园之间的Jaccard相似性指数与公园年龄差距无显著相关关系。综上结果发现,我国历史因素、园林文化和近代城市绿化相关规定可能是外来物种使用的限制因子,并可能导致了小尺度植物群落同质化程度偏低的现象。 |
| 关键词: 城市公园, 乔木, 多样性, 外来树种, 常绿树种 |
| DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw201909036 |
| 分类号:Q948.1 |
| 文章编号:1000-3142(2020)04-0546-11 |
| Fund project:中央高校基本科研业务费项目(106112016CDJXY210006); 重庆都市区“四山”生态监测、保育与恢复技术研究与示范项目(cstc2018jszx-zdyfxmX0007)[Supported by Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(106112016CDJXY210006); Research and Demonstration Program of Ecological Monitoring, Conservation and Restoration Technology of Four Urban Mountains in Chongqing(cstc2018jszx-zdyfxmX0007)]。 |
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| A comparative study on diversity and composition of greening tree species in parks of different ages in Chongqing |
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WANG Yue, ZHAO Liang*
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Key Lab of Three Gorges Reservoir Region Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
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| Abstract: |
| Greening tree communities in fifteen comprehensive parks in Chongqing were investigated to analyze the impact of park age on the diversity and composition, and homogeneity among parks. Park age was divided into three stages including before liberation(before 1949), before the municipality period(1950-1998)and after the municipality period(after 1999). The results were as follows:(1)There were 59 tree species, belonging to 28 families and 48 genera, among which native tree species accounted for 81.36%, exotic tree species accounted for 18.64%.(2)There was no significant differences in the richness of park trees among the three stages, but the tree abundances in the park after liberation and after the municipality period were significantly higher than that before liberation; The proportion of alien tree species in community was no significant differences among the three stages; The application of Ficus virens, F. concinna, and Koelreuteria bipinnata in the park was decreasing, while the application of Cerasus serrulata, Magnolia grandiflora, Osmanthus fragrans, and Michelia champaca was increasing.(3)The degree of homogeneity between parks of different ages was low, but the Jaccard similarity index between plant communities in the parks before liberation was significantly higher than that in the other two stages. There was no significant relationships between the Jaccard similarity index and the age of park. The historical factors, garden culture and modern urban greening regulations may be the limiting factors for the use of alien species and may lead to a low degree of homogeneity of small-scale plant communities. |
| Key words: urban park, arbors, diversity, exotic tree species, evergreen tree species |
