观赏蕨类引种栽培及其物候期的观察

Phenophase observation and introduction and cultivation of ornamental ferns

关键词:  蕨类植物  观赏植物  引种  栽培  物候期

Key words:  ferns  ornamental plant  introduction  cultivation  phenophase

摘要:

对中华水韭、福建观音座莲、华南紫萁、西南凤尾蕨、剑叶铁角蕨、翅轴蹄盖蕨、东方荚果蕨、同形鳞毛蕨、圆顶耳蕨等30种蕨类进行了引种栽培和物候期观察.结果表明:(1)引种成活率高;(2)管理粗放;(3)多数种类四季常青,形态优美,具有较高的观赏价值,能够在怀化市安全越冬,值得在亚热带地区开发利用;(4)华南紫萁、小黑桫椤、光蹄盖蕨、长江蹄盖蕨、翅轴蹄盖蕨、三相蕨、同形鳞毛蕨、圆顶耳蕨、镰羽贯众等9种蕨类在展叶时,同时长出孢子囊;(5)多数蕨类的孢子囊在长出后1个月左右发育成熟;(6)在叶开始萌动时引种栽培的蕨类,当年的营养叶萌发期和展叶期都推迟半个月左右,但孢子囊群的出现期和成熟期不受影响;(7)不同蕨类的孢子囊群形成期具有差异性,同种蕨类的孢子囊群形成期具有相对稳定性,因此,可以作为鉴别物种的依据之一。建议在编写、修订《中国植物志》和地方植物志时增加蕨类孢子囊群形成期的描述。

Abstract:

The introduction and culture of 30 ferns are researched. They are Isoetes sinensis,Angiopteris fokiensis,Osmunda vachellii,Pteris wallichiana,Asplenium ensiforme,Athyrium caudiforme,Matteuccia orientalis,Dryopteris uniformis,Polystichum dielsii,etc. The results showed:(a)the introduced ornamental ferns have very high survival rate;(b)they can be supervise easily;(c)most of them are evergreen and graceful,and have higher ornamental value. They can overwinter safely in Huaihua city so long as the temperature below zero in winter which never last 1 week or more. Hence,these ferns are worth exploiting in subtropical zone;(d)nine ferns(Osmunda vachellii,Alsophila metteniana,Athyrium otophorum,Athyrium iseanum,Athyrium caudiforme,Ctenitopsis sinii,Dryopteris uniformis,Polystichum dielsii,Cyrtomium balansae)yield sporangium as soon as they expand leaf;(e)the sporangium of most of the ferns becomes ripe after 30-40 days'development;(f)the periods of foliage leaf germination and expansion will be postponed half a month also if they are introduced and cultivated after germinating. But the appearance time and ripeness time of sorus remains changeless;(g)the sorusperiods of different species are different. Nevertheless,they are relative stable in the same species and therefore can be used as one of the evidences of differentiation. We propose that the ferns sorus periods should be put in the revisal Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae and local floras.