外来入侵植物银胶菊在广西的分布与危害

Distribution and harmful effects of alien invasive plant Parthenium hysterophorus in Guangxi

关键词:  银胶菊  外来入侵植物  广西  分布  危害  防治

Key words:  Parthenium hysterophorus  invasive plant  Guangxi  distribution  harmful effect  controlling

摘要:

银胶菊为一种菊科植物,原产中、南美洲。尽管在广西出现的时间不长,但分布范围较广,由路旁向荒地、耕地发展,引起了很大的危害,包括入侵道路旁,阻碍交通、破坏道路环境; 入侵放牧地,减少放牧地产草量; 入侵耕地,引起农作物减产; 且有毒,能引起人的皮炎、鼻炎及哮喘,危害人类健康。在广西发展成为一种重要的外来入侵植物,已引起科学家的注意。该文介绍了银胶菊的生物学特性和在广西的入侵、扩散等情况,提出了防治措施。

Abstract:

Parthenium hysterophorus(Asteraceae)is native to Central and South America. For being discovered in recent years,it is distributed in many parts of Guangxi and has spread from roadside to farmland and waste land. This leads to a wide range of harmful effects,including traffic obstruction,destruction of road landscope,reduction of the productivity and carrying capacity in grazed land,land invasion and low crop production. It is also toxic and can cause dermatitis,rhinitis and asthma in humans. As an important alien invasive weed in Guangxi,it is attracted by scientist. Biological characteristics,invasiveness and diffusion of P.hysterophorus in Guangxi are introduced in this article; some measures are also put forward for controlling this dangerous alien species.