外来入侵植物粉花月见草的繁殖生物学特性

Reproductive biology characterististics of invasive alien plant Oenothera rosea

关键词:  粉花月见草  外来入侵植物  繁殖生物学  种子形态

Key words:  Oenothera rosea  invasive alien plant  reproductive biology  seed form

摘要:

粉花月见草单花花期1 d,整株花期50 d左右; 单花花粉量达8 825个,花粉活力达53.2%,花粉萌发快,萌发率达44.6%,自花授粉; 种子小,千粒重0.092 g,种子发芽率达85%,萌发时间短,具有休眠机制。三年生株丛结果达1 274个,单果种子高达206粒,单株丛种子量2.6×10⁵。种子表面平滑,自然传播以重力为主和风力作用,传播距离在100 cm范围内。结果表明:粉花月见草繁殖力、适应力强,易形成单一优势种群,种子小近圆形易形成种子库,人为活动使其远距离传播,具有较大的危害性。

Abstract:

Oenothera rosea is an invasive alien plant whose single flowering period is 1 d,while the whole flowering period is about 50 d. The quantities of single flower pollen is reached 8 825. The pollen vigor may be reached 53.2%. The high vitality makes the pollen germinate quickly and the germination rate can be reached 44.6%. This kind of plant is self-pollination,whose 1000-grain weight is 0.092 g. The seed germination rate is reached 85%,and the seed may germinate within very short time. The fruit quantity of three-year-old plant is reached 1 274,each of which contains seeds as high as 206. The seed quantity of individual plant is reach 2.6×10⁵. The surface of seed which spreads abroad mainly by wind,and the distance of transmission is one hundred centimeter. The results show that:O.rosea is easy to form single dominant species for its high ability of reproduction and adaption,and easy to form seed bank for its small and round seeds. Moreover,the human activities cause pollen long-range transmission,it will bring great harm.