有机材料林地覆盖对雷竹林生态系统的负面影响研究综述

Research summary of the negative influences of the mulched ecosystem of Phyllostachys praecox f.prevernalis forests with organic materials

关键词:  雷竹  林地覆盖  土壤退化  林分结构  恢复技术

Key words:  Phyllostachys praecox f.prevernalis  mulched forest  soil degeneration  stand structure  recovery techniques

摘要:

雷竹林地有机材料覆盖是显著提高竹林经济产出的有效途径,但不合理的林地覆盖也会造成林地土壤发生机械结构差、持水性能下降、酸化、养分失衡、毒害化学物积累和微生物区系变化等物理、化学和生物性劣变的负面影响; 土壤劣变致使竹林立竹度和立竹年龄结构不合理,立竹平均胸径和叶面积指数下降,竹鞭明显上浮,土层薄化。针对林地覆盖雷竹林退化的主要成因提出了加客土式土壤垦复的土壤物理结构改良措施,施CaO的酸碱度人工调节,利用化学、生物措施固定、降解和去除毒害化学物质,利用解磷菌和解钾菌菌剂等将土壤中固定态的养分元素转化为有效态供植物利用,利用微生物的分解作用分解林地存留覆盖物等恢复技术,并将其作为今后恢复退化雷竹林重点研究方向。

Abstract:

The mulched technique with organic materials in P.praecox forest was an efficient approach to improve economic output of bamboo,some negative influences appeared as follows:the deterioration of mechanical composition of the soil,the decreased ability of water retention,the soil acidification,soil nutrient unbalanced,the accumulation of poisonous chemical elements and microflora shifted. Because of degeneration of the soil,the age and stand density of bamboo forests was unreasonable,average diameter at breast height(DBH)and leaf area index(LAI)dropped,bamboo rhizome floated upward,the soil layer got thin. Some improved measures were presented in this paper and got to the key research field according to the degradation of P.praecox forests,including adding guest soil and reclamation to improve the physical structure,applying CaO to adjust the pH,using chemical and biological measures to fix,degrade and remove the poisonous material,importing phosphate-solubilizing bacteria,potassium bacteria and others to transform fixed nutrients to available absorbed by plant,and employing microbe to decompose the rest of organic materials.