银杏主要病虫害综合治理技术研究

Integrated management technology on main diseases and insect pests of Ginkgo biloba

关键词:  银杏  病虫害  治理技术  推广

Key words:  Ginkgo biloba  pests  integrated management  promotion

摘要:

在广西桂林银杏产区,危害银杏的主要病虫害有银杏超小卷叶蛾、白蚁、叶枯病,植株受害后,树势生长衰弱,产量下降,尤其是百年银杏大树尤为明显。经过试验分析找出对上述病虫害进行治理的最佳技术措施是:采用施肥、抚育、修剪、清园等营林技术措施治本,药剂防治救急措施治标,以治本为主,标本兼治。试验结果:超小卷叶蛾的防治效果在92%以上,白蚁的防治效果达100%,叶枯病的防治效果在85.9%以上,平均单株产量比治理前增产20.3 kg,增幅为94.8%,单株产量高于对照0.6倍,平均单株新梢量高于对照4.6倍。对示范区和推广区的治理树进行调查分析,共治理银杏大树14.58万株,平均每株增产银杏20.34 kg,共增产银杏296.519万公斤,产值达4 744.304万元,经济、社会、生态三大效益显著。

Abstract:

In Ginkgo biloba producing areas of Guilin,Guangxi,the main plant diseases and insect pests endangering G.biloba are Pammene sp.,Coptotermes formosanus,and Alternaria alternate. The growth and seed production of victim plants generally decrease,especially in old-growth big trees. Our experiments indicated that the optimal approach to the disease and pest control in Ginkgo trees was the combination of forestry activities(such as fertilization,tending,pruning,garden clearance,etc.)with chemical control measures. Such an integrated control method significantly reduced the rate of infested leaves per tree. Compared to the control plot,there was a decrease in the rate of infested leaves per tree by>92% for Pammene sp.,100% for Coptotermes formosanus,and>86% for Alternaria alternate. The average seed production per tree increased by 94.8%(20.3 kg)over the control treatment. The average length of new shoots was 4.6 times higher than that of control plants. Using the integrated control method,the authors had conducted a large demonstration experiment with 145,800 trees in total. According to the average increase in seed production(20.34 kg per tree),the total Ginkgo yield was estimated to increase by 2,965,190 kg,with an increased output value of 47 443 040 RMB. There were significant benefits in economy,society and ecology.