深圳福田红树植物群落特征及金属元素分布状况

Community characteristics and distribution of metal elements in mangroves in Futian of Shenzhen, China

关键词:  红树林  群落特征  金属元素  分布

Key words:  mangrove  community feature  metal element  distribution

摘要:

通过对深圳福田红树林群落特征的研究,对红树植物的区系组成、群落的外貌和结构、群落的主要类型和分布进行了概述,并对该红树林中的桐花树+秋茄+白骨壤+老鼠簕+海漆混交群落林地土壤和红树植物的金属元素分布进行分析。结果发现,该林地土壤金属元素含量分布具有一定规律性,元素K、Na、Ca、Mg在各层土壤中分布均匀; 必需金属元素Fe、Mn在各层土壤中含量变化不明显; 非必需重金属元素Cr、Ni、Pb、Hg、Cd和必需元素Zn、Cu含量从底层至表层逐步提高; 金属元素在该林地红树植物中分布也具有一定规律性,元素K、Na、Ca、Mg在五种红树植物的不同部位均大量存在; 必需金属元素Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu在各种红树植物中含量Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu; 非必需重金属元素Cr、Ni、Pb、Hg、Cd在各种红树植物中含量表现出差异性,秋茄和海漆中Ni含量较大,白骨壤中Pb含量最大,桐花树中Cr含量最大,老鼠簕Cu含量最大,Cd和Hg在五种红树植物中含量都最低; 植物中金属元素含量分布和土壤中金属元素含量分布具有相关性。

Abstract:

Mangrove communities are made up of five species of mangrove plants including Kandelia candel,Avicennia marina,Aegiceras corniculatum,Acanthus ilicifolius and Excoecaria agallocha at Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve of Shenzhen. The authors investigated the flora composition,physiognomy and structure,types and distribution of mangrove community,and the causes of ecological changes at Shenzhen Bay. Accumulation and distribution of various metal elements in these mangrove communities were studied. The major element K,Na,Ca,Mg contents in forest soil were homologous from bottom to surface layer; element Fe,Mn were increased slightly from bottom to surface layer; element Cr,Ni,Pb,Hg,Cd and essential element Zn,Cu were increased obviously from bottom to surface layer. Accumulation and distribution of various metal element in five mangrove plants were studied and analyzed by the same way,element K,Na,Ca,Mg contents in all the organism of mangrove plants were sufficient,element Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu contents at all the organism in mangrove plants were in the order of Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu. The element Cr,Ni,Pb,Hg,Cd contents had an obvious disparity at all the organism of plants,Ni content was maximum in K.candel and E.agallocha,Pb content was maximum in A.marina,Cr content was maximum in A.corniculatum,Cu content was maximum in A.ilicifolius,Cd and Hg contents were minimum in all the mangrove plants. Accumulation and distribution of various metal element in mangrove plants was dependent on contents of various metal element in forest soil.