低温冷害对龙眼成花的影响及抹除荔枝和芒果冷害花穗促进腋芽再生花穗的效果

Effect of cold damage on flowering of longan and effects of removing dead terminal panicle on flower bud differentiation of axilla buds of mango and litchi

关键词:  荔枝  芒果  龙眼  花穗  冷害

Key words:  litchi  mango  longan  panicle  cold damage

摘要:

为探讨早春极端低温对龙眼成花的影响及芒果和荔枝花穗冷害发生时应对措施的效果,在2008年早春低温冷害时,通过抹除芒果和荔枝的冷害顶生花穗,研究该应对措施对促进腋芽再分化花芽并抽生花序的效果,并在低温冷害后,对不同龙眼品种的成花情况进行调查。结果表明：抹除荔枝冷害顶生花穗后能显著促进黑叶、钦州红荔、糯米糍、立夏红腋芽再生花序,平均单株花穗数分别为139、62.5、28和29穗,分别比对照的高119、22.5、25和26穗;而妃子笑、三月红、桂味和禾荔的处理树和对照树之间差异不明显。抹除芒果冷害顶生花穗后,台农1号、贵妃、桂热82号、红象牙和金穗芒的平均单株成花数分别为92、18、131、20.5和18穗,明显高于对照;而凯特芒、桂热120、吉尔、紫花芒和金穗芒处理树和对照树之间差异不显著。龙眼低温冷害后成花较好的有桂明、储良、石硖、小广眼、大乌圆和大广眼,平均单株花穗数分别为88、67、52.7、52、51和50穗;其次是桂香、乌龙岭、东壁、立冬本和早白露,平均单株花穗数分别为39、26、25、23.5和21.5穗。

Abstract:

In order to find out the effect of cold damage on the flowering of longan and the result of method taking to reduce damage of cold on the flowering of mango and litchi,the flowering situation of different longan varieties was investigated after a long period of extreme low temperature in spring of 2008 and the effects of removing dead terminal panicles of different varieties of litchi and mango on the flower bud differentiation of their axilla buds were studied. The results showed that number of panicles from axilla buds of Litchi(Litchi chinensis Soon)cv.Heye,Qinzhouhongli,Nuomici and Lixiahong were markedly increased by removing the dead terminal panicles resulting from cold,with an average number of panicle per treated tree 139,62.5,28 and 29 respectively,which was 119,22.5,25 and 26 higher than those of CK,respectively. There was not any difference in number of panicles between treated trees and trees of CK of Feizixiao,Sanyuehong,Guiwei and Heli. The treated mango(Mangifera indica L.)cv.Tainong 1,Guifei,Guire 82,Hongxiangya,and Jinsui produced 92,18,131,20.5 and 18 panicles per individual in average respectively,obviously higher than those of CK,which produced 25,4,60,10 and 0 panicles respectively. There was not any difference in panicle number between treated trees and trees of ck of Kaite,Guire120,Jier,Zihua and Jinhuang. Longan(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)cv. Guiming,Chuliang,Shixia,Xiaoguangyan,Dawuyuan and Daguangyan showed the best result in flowering after cold temperature with an average panicle number per tree of 88,67,52.7,52,51 and 50 respectively,followed by Guixiang,Wulongling,Dongbi,Lidongben and Zaobailu which produced 39,26,25,23.5,21.5 panicles per tree respectively.