竹叶花椒果实精油对两种蚊虫的毒杀活性研究

张云<sup>1</sup>; 彭映辉<sup>1*</sup>; 曾冬琴<sup>1</sup>; 陈飞飞<sup>1</sup>; 秦巧慧<sup>1</sup>; 黄谊<sup>2</sup>

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竹叶花椒果实精油对两种蚊虫的毒杀活性研究
张云¹,彭映辉^1*,曾冬琴¹,陈飞飞¹,秦巧慧¹,黄谊²
1.中南林业科技大学生命科学与技术学院, 长沙 410004;2.湖南省疾病预防控制中心杀虫灭鼠科, 长沙 410005

摘要:

采用浸液法测试了竹叶花椒果实的水蒸汽蒸馏精油对白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊幼虫的毒杀效果,并用三角瓶密闭熏蒸法研究了精油对这两种成蚊的熏杀活性;此外,采用GC MS分析了该精油的化学成分。研究结果：（1）精油对白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ龄期幼虫及蛹的LC50值分别为25.634/61.472、31763/76431、52.356/110.172、258.497/121.884和198.263/162.048 mg•L-1;（2）精油对白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊成蚊的LC50值分别为24.957和29.517 μg•cm-3;（3）在147.52 μg•cm-3熏杀剂量下,精油对白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊成蚊的KT50值分别为3.493和2.993 min,24 h致死率均为100%;（4）共鉴定出18种化合物,其中萜烯类10种,占精油总量的67.122%,为竹叶花椒果实精油的主要成分。竹叶花椒果实精油对白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊均有明显的致死作用,且作用速度快,具有开发为植物源杀蚊剂的潜力。

关键词: 竹叶花椒精油毒杀活性白纹伊蚊致倦库蚊化学成分

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Insecticidal activity of essential oil from Zanthoxylum armatum fructification against two mosquito species

ZHANGYun¹,PENGYing-Hui^1*,ZENGDong-Qin¹,CHENFei-Fei¹,QINQiao-Hui¹,HUANGYi²

1.College of Life Science and Technology,Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;2.2.Vector and Rat Control Department, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410005, China

Abstract:

Essential oil,extracted by steam distillation from Zanthoxylum armatum fructification,were tested for their insecticidal activity to the larvae and pupae of Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus under laboratory conditions by means of steeping,and its fumigant activity to the adults of two mosquito species were evaluated by means of sealing conical flask. The volatile components of this oil were also analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Results are given as follows:(1)The 24 h LC50 values of Z.armatum essential oil for I,II,III,IV instar larvae and pupae of Ae.albopictus/Cx.pipiens quinquefasciatus were 25.634/61.472,31.763/76.431,52.356/110172,258.497/121.884 and 198.263/162.048 mg•L-1,respectively;(2)The LC50 values for adults of Ae.albopictus and Cx.pipiens quinquefasciatus were 24.957 and 29.517 μg•cm-3,respectively;(3)At the dosage of 14752 μg•cm-3,the death rate of adults of Ae.albopictus and Cx.pipiens quinquefasciatus both were 100%,and the KT50 values for adults of two mosquito species were 3.493 min and 2.993 min,respectively;(4)Eighteen chemical constituents were identified,including 10 kinds of terpenoids compounds which were the main components and accounted for 67.122% of total. This essential oil had a high and rapid poison activity on Ae.albopictus and Cx.pipiens quinquefasciatus,which had potential to develop natural insecticides against mosquitoes.

Key words: Zanthoxylum armatum essential oil insecticidal activity Aedes albopictus Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus chemical constituents