不同水分管理下优质稻花后植株碳氮流转与籽粒生长及品质的相关性

Relationship between post anthesis carbon and nitrogen remobilization and grain growth of high quality rice under different water management

关键词:  优质稻  水分胁迫  碳氮同化物  流转  籽粒生长  品质  相关性  同步性

Key words:  high quality rice  water management  carbon and nitrogen assimilation  remobilization  grain growth  quality  relationship  synchronization

摘要:

以桂华占、八桂香为材料，在干湿交替灌溉、亏缺灌溉、淹水灌溉3种水分条件下，研究优质稻花后植株碳氮流转与籽粒生长及品质的相关性。结果表明：不同水分管理下，桂华占和八桂香花后碳氮流转与籽粒的生长间存在密切相关。主要表现在：（1）茎鞘和叶片干物质转运对籽粒干物质积累的贡献率为16.86%～25.68%，花后茎叶干物质运转速度和运转率与籽粒起始灌浆势呈显著甚至极显著正相关；籽粒最大灌浆速率、活跃灌浆期、持续灌浆时间与叶片干物质运转速度和运转率呈极显著正相关，与茎鞘干物质运转速度和运转率呈极显著负相关；（2）茎鞘碳同化物转运对籽粒的产量和淀粉产量的贡献率则为干湿交替灌溉＞亏缺灌溉＞淹水灌溉；但叶片碳同化物转运对籽粒的产量和淀粉产量的贡献率则为淹水灌溉＞亏缺灌溉＞干湿交替灌溉；茎叶可溶性糖积累量的减少和籽粒直链淀粉含量和积累量增加是同步的，且茎叶可溶性糖积累量快速递减期（花后3～12 d）与直链淀粉含量和积累量快速递增期（花后6～12 d）同步；（3）茎鞘和叶片氮素转运对籽粒氮素积累的贡献率为44.05%～117.66%，叶片总氮转运对籽粒氮素积累的贡献率大于茎鞘，茎鞘和叶片氮同化物对籽粒氮素的贡献率以淹水灌溉处理的最大，亏缺灌溉处理的次之，干湿交替灌溉处理的最小。

Abstract:

Field experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with two factors with three water management，wetting drying irrigation of water(WIW)，deficit irrigation of water(DIW)，submerged irrigation of water (SIW) and two indica high quality rice genotypes (Baguixiang and Guihuazhan) to investigate the relationship between post anthesis carbon and nitrogen remobilization and grain growth of high quality indica rice under different water management in 2007 and 2009. Results indicated that grain growth was closely correlated with carbon and nitrogen remobilization under three different water management conditions.（1）dry matter contribution rate of culm and sheath and leaf blade to grain were from 16.86% to 25.68%. Initial grain filling potential was significant positive correlated with dry matter remobilization rate and efficiency of culm and sheath；maximum grain filling rate ，active filling period and active grain filling duration were significant positive correlated with leaf dry matter remobilization rate and efficiency after flowering and significant negative correlated with clum and sheath；（2）the contribution rate of the remobilization of carbon assimilation of culm and sheath to grain yield and starch yield was WIW＞DIW＞SIW，however，the contribution rate of the remobilization of carbon assimilation in leaves to grain yield and starch yield was SIW＞DIW＞WIW. The soluble sugars accumulation of stem and leaf reduced along with the increase in grain amylose content and accumulation increased. The rapid decline period (after flowering 3-12 d) of soluble sugar accumulation in leaves was synchronized with the rapid increase amylose content and accumulation period (after flowering 6-12 d)；（3）nitrogen contribution rate of culm and sheath and leaf blade to grain were 44.05% to 11766%. The contribution rate of leaf total nitrogen remobilization to grain nitrogen accumulation was greater than those of culm and sheath；the contribution rate of nitrogen assimilation of stem and sheath，and leaf to grain nitrogen assimilation was SIW＞DIW＞WIW.