黑果枸杞的花部结构及繁育系统特征

Characteristics of floral dynamic and breeding system of Lycium ruthenicum

关键词:  黑果枸杞  花部特征  繁育系统

Key words:  Lycium ruthenicum  floral dynamic  breeding system

摘要:

以宁夏、青海野生分布的黑果枸杞硬枝扦插苗为试验材料，对其开花动态与花部形态特征进行观察，并运用TTC法、联苯胺 过氧化氢法、P/O、OCI和套袋试验等方法针对黑果枸杞花部结构及繁育系统进行研究。结果表明：黑果枸杞5～9月开花，单花持续期2～3 d；黑果枸杞花粉活力在花药开裂时处于最强的状态，达到93.02%，15d后，为2.97%；开花当日黑果枸杞柱头都具有可授性，在散粉后0～36 h内，为传粉受精的最佳时间；杂交指数OCI为3或4，P/O（花粉量与胚珠比）为8 750～10 652，结合坐果率判断黑果枸杞不存在无融合生殖现象，部分自交亲和，繁育系统属于异交，需要传粉者。黑果枸杞的繁育系统以异交为主，但其仍保留着一定的自交花部综合特征。

Abstract:

Field investigation was performed on the floral syndrome，pollination characteristics and breeding system of Lycium ruthenicum by continuous observations and analyzing data of out crossing index，pollen ovule ratio，fruit set ratio and seed set ratio. The results were as follows：under natural conditions，the flowering stage of populations was about 120 days from May to September，the life span of a single flower was about 2-3 days. The results showed that pollen viability of L.ruthenicum was more than 93.2% during the period after flowering. Pollen viability decreased 2.97% after the 15th day，stigma receptivity was in the strongest condition on the first and second day after blooming，and then decreased after the third day. It showed that the breeding system was out crossing，part self compatibility，when comparing the results of pollination experiments with the results of out crossing index and pollen ovule ratio. Hand pollinations improved reproductive success，suggesting that sexual reproduction may be influenced by pollen limitation and less pollinators in nature.