肿柄菊挥发油的化学成分分析及其化感作用

Chemical constituents and allelopathy of Tithonia diversifolia volatile oil

关键词:  肿柄菊  挥发油  化感物质  化感作用

Key words:  Tithonia diversifolia  volatile oil  allelopathy  allelochemicals

摘要:

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取肿柄菊地上部分的挥发油,利用GC-MS技术对肿柄菊地上部分的挥发油进行分析,以假臭草、巴西含羞草、含羞草、蝶豆和鬼针草5种肿柄菊伴生植物为供试植物,用半密闭容器法对肿柄菊挥发油的化感效应进行生物测定。GC-MS分析结果显示,从肿柄菊挥发油中鉴定出50个化合物,占总出峰面积的94.79%,肿柄菊挥发油中主要含有α-蒎烯(63.81%)、柠檬烯(7.07%)、β-石竹烯(4.85%)、双环大香烯(2.95%)、香桧烯(2.78%)、斯巴醇(2.70%)等萜类和醇类化合物,占挥发油总量的94.15%,其中萜类化合物含量占总挥发油的86.01%。生测结果显示,肿柄菊挥发油对5种受试植物的种子萌发和幼苗生长均产生抑制作用,其中对巴西含羞草的抑制作用最为显著,而对含羞草和蝶豆影响较小。说明肿柄菊挥发油在其入侵扩散中发挥一定的化感作用。

Abstract:

Volatile oil was obtained from above ground part of Tithonia diversifolia by steam distillation method,and the main chemical components in the volatile oil were identified by gas chromatography-mass. Allelopathy of volatile oil from T. diversifolia on seed germination and seedling growth of 5 co-occuring plant species,Eupatorium catarium,Mimosa diplotrich,Mimosa pudica,Clitoria ternatea,Bidens pilosa was studied in a semi-closed container. 50 compounds were identified,accounting to 94.79% of the total detected constituents. The main components were α-Pinene(63.81%),Limonene(7.07%),β-Caryophyllene(4.85%),Bicyclogermacrene(2.95%),Sabinene(2.78%),and Spathulenol(2.702%),which accounted for 94.15% of the total amount of the essential oil samples. Terpenes accounted for 86.01% of the total. The bioassay test results demonstrated that volatile oil of T. diversifolia could inhibit the seed germination and growth of all tested plant. The inhibitory effects on Mimosa diplotricha was the largest,while Mimosa pudica and Clitoria ternatea were relatively small. These results indicated that volatile oil of T. diversifolia played a certain alllopathy invasive in invasion of diffusion.