绞股蓝种子油的提取、成分分析和急性毒性实验

Extraction, composition analysis and acute toxicity test of seed oil of Gynostemma pentaphyllum

关键词:  绞股蓝  种子油  理化性质  脂肪酸组成  急性毒性实验

Key words:  Gynostemma pentaphyllum  seed oil  physicochemical property  fatty acid composition  acute toxicity

摘要:

以石油醚为提取剂、料液比为1:7,进行单因子和正交试验及急性毒性实验。结果表明:超声波辅助提取绞股蓝种子油的最适工艺条件为提取的温度60 ℃、功率200 W和时间50 min,此条件下种子油提取率为28.13%; 绞股蓝种子油的密度为0.895 g·mL^-1、折光值1.518 n_D²⁰、酸值0.85和皂化值180.2 mg KOH·g^-1、碘值135.7 g I₂·100g^-1,为优良的干性油; 绞股蓝种子油含有10种脂肪酸成分,主要为亚麻酸(80.49%)、油酸(8.05%)、亚油酸(7.08%)、硬脂酸(1.79%)和棕榈酸(1.28%),不饱和脂肪酸质量分数达总脂肪酸的96.48%; 以剂量 65 mL·(kg·d)^-1的绞股蓝种子油灌胃小鼠,在连续14 d的实验期内,没有发现小鼠的中毒症状和死亡现象。初步判定绞股蓝种子油无急性毒性,有望作为营养保健油源进一步开发。

Abstract:

Based on petroleum ether as extraction solvent and ratio of material to solution 1:7,the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process on seed oil of Gynostemma pentaphyllum was optimized by single factor test and orthogonal test. The optimal ultrasonic-assisted conditions were as follows:extraction temperature 60 ℃,ultrasonic power 200 W and extraction time 50 min,under which the extraction rate of seed oil could reach 28.13%. Physicochemical properties of the seed oil including density,dioptre,acid value,saponification value and iodine value were respectively 0.895 g·mL^-1,1.518 n_D²⁰,0.85,180.2 mg KOH·g^-1 and 135.7 g I₂·100g^-1,which revealed that G. pentaphyllum seed oil was a fine drying oil. GC-MS analysis revealed that there were 10 kinds of fatty acids in G. pentaphyllum seed oil,and the mass fraction were linolenic acid(80.49%),oleic acid(8.05%),linoleic acid(7.08%),stearic acid(1.79%)and palmitic acid(1.28%). The unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 96.48% of total fatty acids. In the acute toxicity test,a dose of 65 mL·(kg · d)^-1 of seed oil were filled into mice's stomach,and no evident poisoning symptoms and animal death were detected after 14 d continuous observation,which preliminarily indicated that G. pentaphyllum seed oil was of nontoxicity,and expected to be developed as a resource of health oil.