氮磷钾配比施肥对广金钱草产量及质量的影响

Effects of combined application of nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium on the yield and quality of Desmodium styracifolium

关键词:  广金钱草  氮、磷、钾  产量  夏佛塔苷

Key words:   Desmodium styracifolium  N,P,K  yield  schaftoside

摘要:

测定了不同氮磷钾配施条件下广金钱草的株高、地径、种子产量、药材干重及夏佛塔苷含量。结果表明:施肥组生长状况及产量与不施肥组具有极显著差异,其中单施钾肥30 g·m^-2的广金钱草株高及药材干重最高,分别为174.04 cm、94.50 g; 单施氮肥40 g·m^-2地径最粗,达到16.79 mm; 施氮、磷肥各80 g·m^-2,钾肥30 g·m^-2种子产量最高,增产率达到179.30%; 施氮肥40 g·m^-2,磷肥80 g·m^-2,钾肥80 g·m^-2夏佛塔苷含量最高,达到0.175%。由此可知氮磷钾的合理配施能够促进广金钱草的生长并提高产量,同时影响夏佛塔苷的积累。以株高、地径、种子产量、药材干重、夏佛塔苷含量为评价标准。根据氮磷钾肥料多元二次曲线回归方程数学模型计算结果,得出氮最佳施肥量:42.4～64.5 g·m^-2,磷:49.5～59.0 g·m^-2,钾:30.0～41.0 g·m^-2。氮磷钾最佳施肥组合为N:P:K=5.4:5.5:3.7。

Abstract:

The height,ground diameter,seed yield,medicinal material yield and schaftoside content of Desmodium styracifolium in different fertilization treatment were calculated and compared. The results indicated that fertilization group and no fertilizer group showed significant differences in the terms of growth. The height and medicinal material field of fertilize K 30 g·m^-2 was 174.04 cm and 94.5 g,which was the highest among all the fertilize treatment group; The ground diameter of fertilization N 40 g·m^-2 was 16.79 mm which was the most coarsest. The combined application of N,P,K significant effected the yield of seed,when N,P,K reached 80 g·m^-2,80 g·m^-2and 30 g·m^-2,the seed yield was highest and the production rate reached to 179.30%; the highest schaftoside content could be reached 0.175% with being N at 40 g·m^-2,P at 80 g·m^-2and K at 80 g·m^-2. It could conclude that the reasonably fertilizing in complex treatment of N,P,K could promote the growth of D. styracifolium and increase the yield,also affected the accumulation of schaftoside. Take height,ground diameter,seed yield,medicinal yield and schaftoside content as evaluation standard. According to the fertilization mathematic model,the optimum fertilizer dosages of N was 42.4-64.5 g·m^-2,P: 49.5-59.0 g·m^-2,K: 30.0-41.0 g·m^-2. The optimum fertilization dosage ratio of N-P-K was 5.4:5.5:3.7.