浙江东部地区古村落墙体植物多样性调查

Diversity investigation on the wall plants in the east of Zhejiang Province

关键词:  浙江省  墙体植物  调查  分布  古村落

Key words:  Zhejiang Province  wall plants  investigation  distribution  ancient village

摘要:

植物墙是城市立体绿化的新形式,在景观和生态上都有重要作用,因此在城市中得到广泛应用。为了丰富城市墙体植物材料,该研究对浙江东部地区杭州、宁波、金华6个古村落中不同类型墙体上的墙体植物进行了多样性调查。结果表明:所调查到的墙体植物共有154种,隶属于69科122属,其中蕨类植物11科15属20种,被子植物59科107属134种; 具有较强适应能力的植物主要集中在菊科、蓼科、禾本科、景天科、蔷薇科、葡萄科、大戟科、荨麻科,植物种类分布较为分散; 从植物生活型上分析,草本有96种,藤本21种,灌木21种,乔木16种,草本占大多数; 从墙体植物的分布、耐旱性上分析,生长在阳面墙体植物有45种,生长在阴面有67种,耐旱性植物有43种,喜湿性植物有26种; 从观赏价值上分析,观叶植物有14种,观花植物19种,观果植物5种; 此外,还对墙体植物在垂直绿化的选择应用上提出了建议。

Abstract:

The green wall has been widely applied in the city as a new form of vertical planting in the city for its great importance in the landscape and ecology. But some problems often appeared such as lack of species diversity and inadaptation to the environment. This paper reported the diversity of plants in the rural wall and the city green wall,and the aim is to enrich the plant species diversity in the city green wall. This paper reported the study on plant diversity in different kinds of vertical walls by the means of field investigation in six ancient villages in Hangzhou,Ningbo and Jinhua in the east of Zhejiang Province from July 19th to August 6th. The results showed that there were 154 species on the wall,belonging to 122 genera in 69 families,in which the ferns consisted of 20 species belonging to 15 genera in 11 families and the angiosperm consisted of 134 species belonging to 107 genera in 59 families. Most of the wall plants were herbs and it mainly concentrated on Compositae, Polygonaceae, Gramineae, Crassulaceae, Rosaceae,Vitaceae,Euphorbiaceae and Urticaceae,with strong adaptability. Based on the growth types of plants,the main plant species included 107 species of herbs,25 species of liana,24 species of shrubs,18 species of arbors. In addition,the statistics and results obtained from intensive analyses at different levels revealed that there were 45 kinds of plants which only growed in exposed halves and 67 kinds only in shaded halves respectively. On the other hand, there were 43 kinds with strong drought-enduring plants and 26 kinds of hygrophilous plants. And the analysis of the ornamental values of wall plants indicated that there were 14 kinds of foliage plants,19 kinds of flowering plants,5 kinds of ornamental fruit plants. At last, some suggestions about how to use the wall plants in vertical greening wall were put forward in the end.