粤东桥溪村风水林群落特征初探

Investigation on the community characteristics and species diversity of Qiaoxi Geomantic Forest in Meizhou

关键词:  桥溪风水林  群落  多样性  生活型  年龄结构  粤东

Key words:  Qiaoxi Geomantic Forest  community  diversity  life form  age structure  East Guangdong

摘要:

在粤东梅州市桥溪村风水林设立样方,对其乔木层、灌木层和草本层植物进行调查,分析该风水林的群落特征及植物多样性。结果表明:该风水林3 000 m²的样方内,共有维管植物67种,隶属于37个科54个属,其中蕨类植物4科4属4种,裸子植物3科3属3种,被子植物30科47属60种。群落分布型以热带性分布占优势,热带属所占比例为74.08%。群落主要优势科为樟科、壳斗科、金缕梅科,优势种为细柄阿丁枫、刺毛杜鹃、鼠刺、阿丁枫。群落为常绿阔叶林,生活型以高位芽为主,占73.13%,其中又以中高位芽类型最多,约占43%。乔木层可分为三层,但以株高6～9.9 m的个体数为最多; 藤本的比例高达17.91%。马尾松、杉木、细柄阿丁枫以及阿丁枫都缺少幼苗贮备,其种群属于衰退状态; 而刺毛杜鹃、越南山龙眼幼苗贮备较充足,且刺毛杜鹃种群是典型的增长型种群。该风水林群落比周边其他群落有较高的物种丰富度、植物多样性,且物种分布较为均匀,种间相遇率较大。在群落不同层中,物种丰富度、Margalef指数、Shannon-Winer指数、Simpson指数、种间相遇机率乔木层均为最高,均匀度指数以灌木层较高,草本层的优势度指数最高。桥溪村风水林与粤东和华南地区的其他常绿阔叶林有很大的相似性。该风水林在粤东地区是一种典型的地带性森林,其树种组成是经过长时间对当地环境适应而形成的,具有稳定性和多功能性,对其研究可为华南地区的植物资源保护、生态公益林的保护和营造提供科学依据。

Abstract:

The detailed investigation on the tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer were carried out to analyze the characteristics and plant diversity through setting up samples in Qiaoxi Village Geomantic Forest in MeiZhou City, Eastern part of Guangdong Povince, South China. In this geomantic forest, 3 standard sample plots covered an area of 1 000 m²(50 m×20 m)were set up to investigate the plants in the tree layers, and the distance between 3 adjacent sample plots was 50-55 m. In each standard plot, 3 standard samples covered 4 m²(2 m×2 m)were randomly set to investigate the plants in the shrub layer and herb layer. It was found that there were 67 species of vascular plants belonging to 54 genera and 37 families in the sample area of 3 000 m². There were 4 species of ferns belonging to 4 four genera in 4 families, 3 species of gymnosperms belonging to 3 genera in 3 families, and 60 species belonging to 47 genera in 30 families. The floristic components were dominated by tropical elements and the proportion of tropical genus was 74.08% in the total number of genera. The families including Lauraceae, Fagaceae and Hamamelidaceae were dominant families, and Altingia gracilipes, Rhododendron championae, Itea chinensis and Altingia chinensis were the dominant tree species in this forest. The vegetation type was evergreen broadleaved forest, and the life form was dominated by phanerophytes, which accounted for 73.13% in the total species, in these phanerophytes, the mesophanerophyte life form was the most, which accounted for about 43% in the total species. The proportion of lianas was 17.91%. The tree layer can be divided into three sub-layers, but the individuals at height of 6-9.9 m number were the most. There lacked seedling reserve of Pinus massoniana, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Altingia gracilipes, Itea chinensis and Altingia chinensis, which indicated their populations were declining, while there were relatively enough seedling reserve of Rhododendron championae and Helicia cochinchinensis, and the population of Rhododendron championae was a typical increasing population. The analysis on plant species richness, Shannon-Winner index, Simpson diversity index, probability of inter-specific encounter and evenness index analysis was shown that there were higher species richness and plant diversity, more uniform distribution of species and interspecific encounter rate in this geomantic forest than other surrounding communities. In different layers of this forest community, the plant richness, Margalef index, Shannon-Winer index, Simpson diversity index, probability of inter-specific encounter were highest in the tree layer, while the uniformity index was the highest in shrub layer, and the dominance index was the highest in herb layer. The geomantic forest community had great similarity with other evergreen broad-leaved forest in East Guangdong and South China. This geomantic forest is a typical zonal forest in East Guangdong, its species composition in this region has formed after a long adaptation to the local environment and had the stability and versatility, therefore, the present research can provided a scientific reference for plant resources protection, protection and afforestation of ecological public welfare forest in South China.