龙眼树形对生长结果及机理影响初探

Effects of tree structures on longan growth, fruit and mechanism

关键词:  龙眼  树形  荧光  根系  产量及品质

Key words:  longan  tree structure  fluorescence  root system  output and quality

摘要:

为了解决龙眼园的郁闭问题,提高龙眼的产量和品质,该文以桂香龙眼品种为材料,研究了扁开心形、开心形、自然圆头形三种不同树体结构对树体光照强度、叶片、根系、果实的影响。结果表明:扁开心形显著改善了树冠和果园通风透光环境,提高了叶绿素含量,增大了叶面积,提高了PSⅡ系统活性和开放程度,调节了光合机构的自我保护机制,改善了荧光参数,从而提高了果实品质; 扁开心形、开心形、对照的单株产量分别是19.90、17.00、15.60 kg,单果重分别是10.24、10.07、7.64 g; 扁开心形和开心形可食率比对照分别提高了4.20%、4.40%,可溶性固形物含量分别提高了12.16%、12.55%; 扁开心形比开心形以及对照的表层根有所上浮,促进了果树的生殖生长,显著扩大了根系的分布深度,扩大了根系对营养物质以及水分的吸收。扁开心形是一种高光效的树形,应在生产上加以推广。

Abstract:

An experiment to figure out the influence on the illumination intensity, leave, roots and fruits by different tree structures has been operated. It turned out that the Narrow Opening deeply improved the light, chlorophyll, leaf area, fluorescence and the fruit quality. The outputs of the Narrow Opening, Opening and the CK were 19.90, 17.00 and 15.60 kg. The weights of single fruit of the Narrow Opening, Opening and the CK were 10.24, 10.07 and 7.64 g. The edible percentage of the Narrow Opening and the Opening improved 4.20% and 4.40% when compared with the CK. The soluble solid improved 12.16% and 12.55% when compared with the CK. The upper roots of the Narrow Opening float some when compared with the Opening, which meant the Narrow Opening promoted the reproductive growth, enlarge the depth of the roots obviously, extend the absorption of water and nutritive material. It turned out that the Narrow Opening ones should be widely used for its high productivity.