内蒙古通辽市库伦旗蒙古族庭园植物农业生物多样性分析——以芒汗苏木毛敦塔拉嘎查为例

Analysis of agrobiodiversity of homegarden plants in Mongolian from Kulun banner, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia ——A case study in Maoduntala Village of Manghan Sumu

关键词:  庭园植物  毛敦塔拉嘎查  蒙古族  物种多样性

Key words:  homegarden plants  Modantala Village  Mongolian  species diversity

摘要:

庭园是形成和保存农业生物多样性的基本单位,也是野生植物和栽培植物聚集的场所。在农村,庭园的主要作用是提供日常生活所需,还可产生收入。庭园中不仅存在较高的生物多样性,而且庭园也有很多社会、文化、生态方面等功能。该研究针对通辽市库伦旗芒汗苏木毛敦塔拉嘎查蒙古族,采用随机抽样和农户推荐的方式选择了11个农户,以农户的整个庭园面积为样方,设立11个样方进行农业生物多样性分析,并用漫谈式访谈和半结构调查方法进行庭园植物及其经济效益调查。结果表明:毛敦塔拉嘎查蒙古族庭园植物物种丰富度较高,庭园植物共有96种,包括栽培及野生的植物蔬菜类33种、水果用19种、观赏用20种、饲料用8种、药食兼用5种、其它用途类16种,其中有些种类具有多种用途; 毛敦塔拉嘎查各农户庭园植物的多样性随着庭园类型及庭园管理者的特征而不同; 庭园面积大且种植大量经济作物的庭园经济效益高; 据调查当地庭园的经营模式具有生态种植型、综合经营型、庭园养殖型三种类型。这些庭园植物不仅对当地农牧民的生活具有广泛作用而且对农业生物多样性保护具有深远意义。

Abstract:

The homegarden is not only the basic unit of the formation and preservation of agricultural biodiversity, but also an important place of acclimatization of wild plants and cultivated plants. In the countryside, the main function of the homegarden is to provide daily necessities, and to generate income. Homegarden has the high biodiversity, as well as many social, cultural, ecological functions. The analysis was operated between 11 farmer households through random sampling and farmers recommended and their homegarden using typical sampling method to establish 11 plots for the analysis of agrobiodiversity, investigated in Manghan Sumu, Modantala Village, Kulun Banner, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia. During the research, open-ended and semi-structured interviews were used widely to investigate the social and economic conditions in these areas. The results showed that the plant species richness were high in Maoduntala Village homegarden garden of Mongolia nationality, and there were 96 species of the plants, including 33 species for cultivated and wild vegetables, 19 for fruits, 20 for ornamental plants, 8 for forage plants, 5 used for food and medicine both, and 16 for other used.; There was a phenomenon that some of homegarden plants had multiple usage; The diversity of homegarden plants was different with the characteristics of homegarden types and management; There was high economic benefit of homegarden in large area and planting a large number of economical crops; and their business model had three types, with ecological planting, comprehensive management and breeding grounds. The homegarden plants not only effect the survival of local herdsmen and farmers widely,but also have important significance to the conservation of agricultural biodiversity.