接种AMF对煤矿废弃物上高丹草的生长和叶绿素荧光的影响

Effects of AMF inoculation on the growth and chlorophyll fluorescence of Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense in coal wastes

关键词:  丛枝菌根真菌(AMF), 煤矿废弃物, 高丹草, 生长, 叶绿素荧光

Key words:  AMF, coal wastes, Sorghum bicolor &#215  S. sudanense, growth, chlorophyll fluorescence

摘要:

为改善采矿废弃物上植被生长状况,提高植物成活率,该研究采用盆栽试验法,以高丹草为材料,选用摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae,G. m)和地表球囊霉(G. versiforme,G. v)两种AM真菌,分别研究单接种和混合接种对粉煤灰(S1)、煤矸石(S2)和粉煤灰与煤矸石混合物(S3)三种煤矿废弃物基质上高丹草(Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense )生长及叶绿素荧光的影响,并以正常沙土(S4)作为对照。结果表明:(1)4种基质上,3种接种处理均获得较高侵染率,在基质S1、S3和S4上均为接种摩西球囊霉对高丹草根系侵染率最高,分别为49.04%、57.40%、43.34%,在基质S2上,混合接种处理对高丹草根系侵染效果最好,达49.33%。(2)3种煤矿废弃物基质上高丹草根长、干重、叶绿素含量、F_v/F_o、qP和Yield显著降低。接种AM真菌显著提高了高丹草的生长和光合效率。与其他处理相比,在基质S1、S3和S4上,接种摩西球囊霉显著增加了根长、干重、叶绿素含量、F_v/F_o、qP和Yield,在基质S2上,接种地表球囊霉显著增加了根长、干重,接种地表球囊霉和摩西球囊霉+地表球囊霉(G. mv)处理间叶绿素荧光参数均无显著差异。这表明在煤矿废弃物基质的复合逆境中高丹草生长和光合作用显著受到抑制,AM真菌可通过提高高丹草叶绿素含量,改善叶片叶绿素荧光和光合作用,促进植物生长,来缓解该复合逆境对高丹草造成的伤害,增强其对煤矿废弃物不良环境的抗逆性,提高煤矿区植被恢复效果。接种摩西球囊霉对粉煤灰以及粉煤灰和煤矸石混合基质上高丹草的促进作用最佳,而接种地表球囊霉更适于煤矸石基质上高丹草的生长。

Abstract:

To improve the growth and survival rate of plants in three types of coal wastes, we chose two kinds of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungis, Glomus mosseae (G. m)and G. versiforme (G. v), to study the effects of pure fungi, mixed bacteria on growth and photosynthetic fluorescence of Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense in three types of coal wastes which were that fly ash(S1), coal gangue(S2)and the mixture of fly ash and coal gangue(S3)and the mixture of sand and earth(S4)which was the control group. The results were as follows:(1)In the four substrates, the symbiotic associations were successfully established between AMF and Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense. The inoculation of G. m could obviously improved the infection rate to 49.04%, 57.40% and 43.34% in the substrates of S1, S3 and S4 and the mixed inoculation treatment had the best infection rate to 49.33% in the substrate of S2.(2)The plant height, root length, content of chlorophyll, F_v/F_o, qP and Yield of Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense in three types of coal wastes significantly decreased. Inoculation of AM fungi significantly promoted the growth and photosynthetic efficiency of Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense. Comparing with other treatments, inoculation of G.m significantly improved the root length, dry weight, the content of chlorophyll, F_v/F_o, qP and Yield in the substrates of S1, S3 and S4. In the substrate of S2, inoculation of G.v significantly increased the root length, dry weight and had little difference with mixed inoculation treatment on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The result indicated that the growth and photosynthesis of Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense was inhibited in the composite adversity of different types of coal wastes. AM fungi was capable of alleviating the damage cased by the adverse factors of different types of coal mining wastes on Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense by means of improve leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and growth, and enhance Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense's stress-resistance. G.m was more suitable for the revegetation of fly ash and the mixture of fly ash and coal gangue, while G.v was more suitable for the revegetation of coal gangue.