马占相思花粉离体萌发研究

Study on Acacia mangium pollen germination in vitro

关键词:  马占相思, 花粉收集, 培养温度, 萌发率, 花粉管长度

Key words:  Acacia mangium, pollen collection, culture temperature, germination percentage, pollen tube length

摘要:

马占相思(Acacia mangium)是含羞草科(Mimosaceae)金合欢属(Acacia Mill.)树种,在我国的广东、广西、福建以及海南等省(区)大面积种植推广。马占相思用途广泛,其杂交育种工作近年来逐渐受到重视,马占相思花粉研究对其杂交育种成败具有重要影响。该研究以新鲜的马占相思花粉为供试材料,开展不同蔗糖浓度(50、100、150、200、250和300 g·L^-1)、不同硼酸浓度(100、200和300 mg·L^-1)以及不同培养温度(26、28和30 ℃)对马占相思花粉离体萌发影响的研究,同时使用筛选出的马占相思花粉离体萌发的最佳处理,开展对另外3株与初试的马占相思生长发育状况接近的马占相思的花粉活力检测研究,并观察记录马占相思花粉离体萌发特征。结果表明:将刚开放的马占相思花序采回室内阴干,于次日10:00后,用毛笔刷法成功收集大量马占相思花粉,经显微镜观察检测,花粉纯度较高,可以保证后续研究备用; 马占相思花粉离体萌发的最佳处理为200 g·L^-1蔗糖、100 mg·L^-1硼酸、28 ℃培养温度; 马占相思花粉在培养24 h之后,花粉萌发率最高(为94.28%),花粉管最长(为6.0 D); 检测3株马占相思的花粉萌发率分别为90.11%、82.31%、85.67%,具有显著差异。该研究结果为今后进一步开展人工控制授粉、选育优良的相思杂交新品种提供了基础。

Abstract:

Acacia mangium is a number of Mimosaceae Acacia Mill., and it is planted and promoted in Guangdong, Fujian and Hainan provinces and Guangxi Autonomus Region. A. mangium is used widely, and it is hybrid breeding has received great attention. The research on the A. mangium pollen is key to the hybrid breeding. In this study, we studied the effects of the different sucrose concentrations(50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 g·L^-1), the different boric acid concentrations(100, 200 and 300 mg·L^-1)and different culture temperatures(26, 28 and 30 ℃)on the pollen in vitro germination using the fresh pollen from one plant of A. mangium as experiment materials detected the pollen viability of the other 3 plants of A. mangium using the best A. mangium pollen in vitro germination treatment, whose growths and developments closed to the preliminary A. mangiums and observed and recorded the characteristics of A. mangium pollen in vitro germination. The results showed that the inflorescences of just open of A. mangium were collected and took to the chamber and air dried at room temperature. On the next day after 10:00, a large number of pollen was collected successfully with brush method. The pollen of high purity by microscope detection could ensure the follow-up study in the future. The optimum treatments of pollen germination in vitro of A. mangium were 200 g·L^-1 sucrose, 100 mg·L^-1 boric acid and 28 ℃ culture temperature. After A. mangium pollen cultured for 24 h, the pollen germination percentage was the highest(94.28%)and the pollen tube was the longest(6.0 D). The pollen germination percentage of the other 3 plants of A. mangium had significant difference, 90.11%, 82.31%, 85.67%, respectively. This study provide the basis for further development of artificial control pollination and breeding excellent new hybrid of Acacia.