管道输液滴干对核桃生长、果实的影响

Effects of pipeline trunk transfusion and drip on walnut growth and fruit

关键词:  核桃, 管道输液滴干, 营养器官, 果实

Key words:  walnut, pipeline trunk transfusion and drip, vegetative organs, fruit

摘要:

为了探索核桃提质增效新途径,该研究采用管道输液滴干技术,对‘辽核'核桃树进行水、肥、药一体化管理,将管道输液滴干处理与土壤施肥处理、常规管理进行对比,测定叶片SPAD值、叶面积、新梢长度、新梢粗度、干周、土壤含水量、单株产量、单果重、出仁率、黑果率等指标。结果表明:管道输液滴干处理的叶片SPAD值比土壤施肥处理和常规管理分别提高了28.37%和53.23%; 核桃叶片叶面积值分别提高了18.27%和51.54%; 新梢长度分别提高了7.03%和13.73%; 新梢粗度分别提高了21.92%和27.14%; 干周分别提高了20.52%和24.28%; 0～20 cm土层的土壤含水量分别增加了8.66%和8.52%; 单株产量分别提高了21.62%和73.08%; 单果重分别提高了14.55%和23.53%; 出仁率分别提高了11.45%和12.37%; 黑果率分别降低了88.76%和91.55%。这说明管道输液滴干技术可以促进树体生长,提高核桃产量和果实品质以及抗病性,降低果实的黑果率,确保核桃丰产稳产。该研究结果能达到既节水、省工,又高效利用肥料、农药,提高核桃产量和品质的目标,从而为管道输液滴干技术在果木生产上的推广应用提供了依据。

Abstract:

We studied the integrated management of water and fertilizer pesticide on walnut cv. Liaohe with pipeline trunk transfusion and drip irrigation technology, in order to achieve the goal of water conservation, efficient use of fertilizers and pesticides, get better yields and improve quality so as to explore a new way for the quality and efficiency of walnut. We Compared with the soil fertilization treatment and conventional management,and Determined the leaf SPAD, leaf area, new shoots length, new shoots diameter, soil water content, yield per plant, single fruit weight, kernel rate, black fruit rate, and so on. The result showed that compared with soil fertilization treatment and conventional management, the pipeline trunk transfusion and drip irrigation treatment increased the leaf SPAD value by 20.39% and 75.27%, leaf area increased by 18.27% and 51.54%, new shoots length increased by 7.03% and 13.73%,new shoots diameter increased by 21.92% and 27.14%, trunk girth increased by 20.52% and 24.28%, soil water content of 0-20 cm soil layer increased by 8.63% and 8.52%, yield per plant increased by 21.62% and 73.08%, single fruit weight increased by 14.55% and 23.53%, the kernel rate increased by 11.40% and 12.44%,the black fruit rate decreased by 88.97% and 91.74%, respectively. It showed that pipeline trunk transfusion and drip irrigation technology could greatly promote the growth of tree, improve the yield of walnut and walnut fruit quality. This mode could strengthen the resistance ability of walnut, reduce the black fruit rate, and achieve the goal of high yield and stable yield of walnut. This experiment provides a sufficient basis for popularization and application of pipeline trunk transfusion and drip irrigation technology.