不同贮藏条件对沙田柚果实苦味物质含量的影响

Effects of different storage conditions on changes of bitter substance of “Shatian” Pomelo

关键词:  沙田柚, 采后贮藏, 高效液相色谱, 柚皮苷, 柠檬苦素, 诺米林

Key words:  “Shatian” Pomelo, postharvest storge, HPLC(high-performance liquid chromatography), naringin, limonin, nomilin

摘要:

沙田柚原产广西,营养丰富且适合高血压和糖尿病等患者食用,近年来在沙田柚产业中存在品质下降、有苦味、异味生成等问题。为了研究不同贮藏条件下沙田柚苦味物质的含量变化,该文利用高效液相色谱仪,对室温包薄膜袋(A)、室温不包薄膜袋(B)和4 ℃低温不包薄膜袋(C)三种不同贮藏条件下,沙田柚外果皮、中果皮、囊衣、汁胞和种子中柚皮苷、柠檬苦素和诺米林在贮藏过程中的含量变化进行了测定。结果表明:沙田柚果实苦味物质以柚皮苷为主,主要分布在中果皮和囊衣中,柠檬苦素主要分布在种子和外果皮中,诺米林主要分布在种子中。各处理果实在贮藏过程中苦味物质含量变化不同,其中柚皮苷含量略有上升,柠檬苦素和诺米林含量整体呈下降趋势,略有波动,而汁胞中柠檬苦素和诺米林含量先上升再下降。三种不同贮藏条件相比,4 ℃低温不包薄膜袋贮藏的果实汁胞中柚皮苷和柠檬苦素的含量最高,在贮藏第30天,A、B、C三种不同贮藏条件果实汁胞中柚皮苷含量分别为(0.139 ± 0.006)、(0.190 ± 0.009)和(0.194 ± 0.019)mg·g^-1,柠檬苦素含量分别为(47.28 ± 1.91)、(33.64 ± 1.90)和(84.19 ± 5.56)μg·g^-1。与此相反,外果皮、中果皮、囊衣和种子中柚皮苷、柠檬苦素和诺米林含量最低。该研究结果为采后沙田柚贮藏保鲜方式的选择提供了理论指导。

Abstract:

The “Shatian” Pomelo(Citrus grandis Osbeck)was native to Guangxi, rich in nutrition and for hypertension and diabetes patients to eat. In recent years, there were many problems in the industry, such as quality decreased, smell and bitter generated. The “Shatian” Pomelo were stored under ambient temperature with film(A), ambient temperature without film(B)and 4 ℃ without film(C). Naringin, limonin and nomilin contents in different sues of fruits were determined during storage by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that Naringin as main bittering substance of Shatian” Pomelo was distributed in the albedos and segment membranes. Limonoids mainly distributed in the seeds and flavedos, and nomilin mainly distributed in the seeds. Changes of bittering substance contents were different during storage under three storage conditions. The naringin content slightly increased during storage, while limonin and nomilin contents declined overall with a minor fluctuation. The contents of limonin and nomilin in juice sac increased firstly and then decreased. On the 30th day of storage, A, B and C storage conditions of naringin contents in juice sacs were(0.139 ± 0.006),(0.190 ± 0.009)and(0.194 ± 0.019)mg·g^-1 respectively and limonin contents were(47.28 ± 1.91),(33.64 ± 1.90)and(84.19 ± 5.56)μg·g^-1 respectively. Comparing with the A and B storage conditions, the contents of naringin and limonin of fruit juice sac under 4 ℃ low temperature storage(C storage conditions)were the highest. On the contrary, the contents of naringin, limonin and nomilin in flavedos, albedos, segment membranes and seeds were the lowest under C storage condition. This study provides theoretical guides for storage of postharvest “Shatian” Pomelo.