深圳小南山与应人石山地植物多样性比较研究

Comparative study on plant diversity of Xiaonanshan and Yingrenshi Mountain area in Shenzhen, China

关键词:  深圳, 小南山, 应人石, 植物多样性, 自然恢复, 生态系统

Key words:  Shenzhen, Xiaonanshan, Yingrenshi, plant diversity, natural recovery, ecosystem

摘要:

该文对深圳市小南山处在封育状态下的3个植物群落和应人石山地荒弃果林处于半自然恢复状态群落以及果林周边半自然状态发育的群落进行了调查,比较分析两区域植物群落的组成及多样性特征。结果表明:在群落科、属、种的数量组成上,两者的差异虽不很明显,但小南山的科和种类的数量稍多于后者; 在群落各层次的种类组成上,则小南山乔木层种类较明显地多于应人石的群落,前者的灌木层及草本层的发育也较好,种类也较多; 虽然应人石的灌木层及草本层的种类数也较多,而且灌木层种类数高于前者,但乔木层种类则明显少,草本层种类的数量也略低于小南山的2个群落。在物种的生物多样性Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和丰富度指数方面,小南山的3个群落各层次的大多指标及所有的整体指标值均高于后者。这说明小南山在较长期受到人为保护的状态下,植被的结构发育较好,各层次的种类数均较为丰富。而后者虽然是处于半自然状态发育的群落,但由于受到人为干扰和影响的印迹依然还没有消除,仍处在恢复初期或中间状态。这为目前争论较多的究竟是自然林生物多样性高,还是人工林高?或者是人为较多干扰的次生林高的理论问题提供了一个较好的证据和理论参考。在各群落的相似性系数方面,各层次的系数值均处在相对较低状态,表明同区域不同地点及不同区域相互间各群落在种类组成上差异较大,说明深圳这两个区域在大区域范围的植物多样性水平是较高的。

Abstract:

Three plant communities of Xiaonanshan Mountain area that are situated close to hillsides and two communities of Yingrenshi Mountain area, one community being scraped fruit-bearing forest and of half natural recovery status, another is located in a place with several fruit-bearing forests around it, which is partially developed. The study compared plant composition and diversity in the two regions. The results showed that in aspect of family, genus and species composition of communities, there was no obvious difference between the two regionss, however, family and species number was more in Xiaonanshan than in Yingrenshi area. In composition of every layer species, Xiaonanshan tree layer species were obviously more than that of Yingrenshi, shrub and herb layers in the former also developed well, species number were more; although in Yingrenshi, there were more species in shrub and herb layers, and herb number were also less than Xiaonanshan. With respect to Simpson and Shannon-Wiener diversity indices, except for tree layer index of one community in Xiaonanshan was slightly lower than Yingrenshi, all other layer indices and all integral indices in the three communities were higher than Yingrenshi. It is evident that in long-term protected status, in Xiaonanshan, vegetation structure was better and the species number of every layer were more than that of Yingrenshi which was artificially disturbed. Therefore, even if in Yingrenshi two communities have semi-natural development status, and the effect of man-made disturbance was removed, they were still at the recovery preliminary stage. It was also clear that the biodiversity of Xiaonanshan communities under long-term protected vegetation gained comprehensive enhancing. In respect of similarity coefficient of communities, all layer coefficient values were lower. The species compositions in different spots of the same region and in the designated different regions were insignificantly different.