城市郊区小尺度森林生态系统服务功能评估

Evaluation of ecosystem services in the small-scale forest in suburban

关键词:  城市郊区, 沙塘林场森林生态系统, 生态系统, 服务功能, 物质量, 价值量

Key words:  suburban, ecosystem in Shatang forestry farm, ecosystem services, matter quantity, quantity of value

摘要:

该研究以沙塘林场为例,筛选出沙塘林场森林生态系统服务功能评估指标体系,包括7项功能13个指标,并制定具体评价方法。利用广西柳州市沙塘林场2009年森林资源二类调查数据、连续观测数据和社会公共数据,采用《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》(LY/T1721-2008),评估柳州市郊区小尺度森林生态系统服务功能的总物质量及其价值量。结果表明:沙塘林场每年每公顷涵养水源量为5 051.04 m³,固土29.30 t,林分年保肥量1.09 t,固碳5.27 t,释氧11.49 t。沙塘林场森林生态系统服务功能的总价值为78 077 001元·a^-1,每公顷提供的生态服务价值为79 630元·hm^-2·a^-1,沙塘林场各功能项价值量从大到小顺序为涵养水源(52.02%)>固碳释氧(22.36%)>生物多样性保护(12.61%)>净化大气环境(5.06%)>保育土壤(3.84%)>森林游憩(3.09%)>积累营养物质(1.03%)。不同林分类型单位面积生态系统服务功能价值由大到小的顺序为桉类(104 673.43 元·hm^-2·a^-1)>其他阔叶林(95 538.66 元·hm^-2·a^-1)>经济林(69 537.58 元·hm^-2·a^-1)>松类(69 433.52元·hm^-2·a^-1)>杉木类(58 820.11元·hm^-2·a^-1)。沙塘林场单位面积涵养水源量(5 051.04 m³·hm^-2·a^-1)大于广西区单位面积涵养水源量(3 368.32m³·hm^-2·a^-1); 沙塘林场的固碳量(5.27 t·hm^-2·a^-1)大于广西森林的平均固碳量(3.52 t·hm^-2·a^-1),森林游憩的单位面积价值量也大于广西全区的平均价值量。这说明城市郊区小尺度森林在涵养水源、固碳释氧、森林游憩等方面的生态功能价值在当地生态系统服务功能中起到关键作用。该研究结果可为城市郊区小尺度森林生态功能的评估提供理论参考,为柳州市生态文明建设提供科学依据。

Abstract:

According to the principle of index selection and related research methods, in reference to the previous studies, it has constructed the assessment index system of the small scale forest ecosystem service function. In order to evaluate the value of small-scale forest ecosystem services in suburban of Liuzhou City, we selected Shatang forestry farm as study area. It has constructed the assessment index system of the small scale forest ecosystem service, 7 respects of providing forest by-product, water supply, carbon fixed and oxygen released, biodiversity conservation, environmental purification, soil conservation, forest tourism, forest nutrition storage was evaluated by 13 index. The forest resource survey data in 2009a, long-term observation data from forest ecosystem research station and other public social-economy statistical data were used to work according to the method for assessment of forest ecosystem services in China(LY/T1721-2008). The results showed that the matter quantity of water supply was 5 051.04 m³·hm^-2·a^-1, the matter quantity of soil fixation was 29.30 t·hm^-2·a^-1, the matter quantity of nutrient conservation was 1.09 m³·hm^-2·a^-1, the matter quantity of carbon fixation and oxygen released 5.27 m³·hm^-2·a^-1 in Shatang forestry farm. The annual average value of forest ecosystem services in the Shatang forestry farm was 78 077 001 yuan per year. The annual mean value of forest ecosystem services was 79 630 yuan per hectare per year. The value of seven service functions were ranked as follows: water supply(52.02%)> carbon fixation and oxygen release(22.36%)> biodiversity conservation(12.61%)> environmental purification(5.06%)> soil conservation(3.84%)> forest tourism(3.09%)> forest nutrient storage(1.03%). The per unit area value of ecosystem services from varieties of trees were ranked as follows: Eucalyptus forests(104 673.43 yuan·hm^-2·a^-1)> Other broad leaved forests(95 538.66 yuan·hm^-2·a^-1)> Economic forests(69 537.58 yuan·hm^-2·a^-1)> Pin forests(69 433.52 yuan·hm^-2·a^-1)> Fir forests(58 820.11 yuan·hm^-2·a^-1). The annual mean amount of water supply and carbon fixed in Shatang forestry farm were greater than the average values of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and the same to the value in forest tourism. The research indicated that the ecosystem services in small-scale forest in suburban areas played an important role in local forest ecosystem services. It provides the scientific basis for the construction of ecology civilization in Liuzhou City because it is conducive to unify with ecological benefit as the first, with social benefit as the core,with environmental benefits as the premise, with economic efficiency as the goal of forest ecosystem.