武夷山不同龄级香果树开花物候及其生殖特性

Flowering phenology and reproductive module characteristics of an endangered plant Emmenopterys henryi of different age classes

关键词:  保护植物, 生殖构件, 单花花期, 生殖成功

Key words:  protective plant, reproductive module, flowering phenology, florescence of single flower, reproductive success

摘要:

该研究采用固定样地观测研究了不同龄级香果树的开花物候和生殖特性,分析了物候指数与生殖构件之间的相关性。结果表明:香果树单花花期一般为5～9 d,平均为6.79 d,随着树龄增大,其单花花期呈幂函数增长趋势; 不同树龄香果树的始花期不同,但终花期基本一致; 随着树龄的增大,始花期逐渐提前,花期持续时间延长。20～50 a树龄的香果树始花期约为8月9日,花期持续时间最短,仅为36 d。110～140 a树龄的香果树始花期约为7月15日,花期持续时间为61 d; 对于单株母树来讲,香果树的花枝数,花朵总数以及果实总数随着树龄的增大均显著增加; 单花枝产花量随着树龄的增加呈上升趋势,单花枝产果实数量呈先上升后下降的趋势; 香果树花枝和单花枝产花量在树冠方位上的分布由大到小依次为南>东/西>北、上>中>下,但单花枝果实数量则表现出不同规律,即东>南>西>北、中>下>上。香果树具有花多果少现象,开花物候指数与生殖构件数量间的相关性分析表明,其花期持续时间与花枝数、花数和果实数均存在极显著正相关关系,始花期与生殖构件数量呈极显著负相关关系,而物候指数与香果树树龄亦存在显著相关关系。

Abstract:

Using fixed sample observation methods, we studied the flowering phenology and reproductive characteristics of Emmenopterys henryi of different ages, and analyzed the correlations between phenological indices and reproductive modular were in this paper. The results showed that the florescence of E. henryi single flower was 5-9 d, with an average of 6.79 d. With the increasing ages of the E. henryi mother trees, they grown exponentially. For the E. henryi trees of different ages, the first-flowering date was quite different, but the flower fading date was almost the same. As the trees getting old, the first-flowering date came earlier, and therefore the florescence was getting longer. The first-flowering date of 20-50 years old trees was August 9th, whose florescence was 36 d, which was the shortest in all the E. henryi mother trees different ages. In comparison, the first-flowering date of 110-140 years old trees was July 15th, whose florescence was 61 d. For a single E. henryi mother tree, the number of flowers and flower branches, as well as the total fruits amounts significantly increased with the age of the mother tree increased; the number of flowers showed the same changing trend as above as the mother tree getting old; however the number of fruits per branch increased firstly and then decreased as the age of the mother tree increased; the number of flower branches per tree and number of flowers per branch represented the same changing trend on the canopy, the order of which was south > east or west > north of the canopy, upper > middle > bottom crown, while the fruit number per branch showed different trend, the order of which was east > south > west > north of the canopy, middle > bottom > upper crown. The common phenomenon of the E. henryi was that flowering number was extremely larger than that of the fruits. The correlation analysis between the flowering phenology indices and the number of reproductive module showed that, the florescence was extremely significantly related with the number of flower branches, total flower and fruit amounts respectively; the first-flowering date was significantly negatively correlated with the number of the productive module, while the phonological indices represent significant correlations with the age of E. henryi tree.