广东阳春重阳传统药市药用民族植物学研究

Ethnobotanical study on medicinal market during the Double Ninth Festival in Yangchun City, West Guangdong

关键词:  阳春, 重阳, 药市, 民族植物学, 药用植物, 文化

Key words:  Yangchun, the Double Ninth Festival, medicinal market, ethnobotany, medical plants, culture

摘要:

该研究自2013年开始对阳春开展了全面的中药资源普查工作,在全面了解阳春地区药用植物资源的基础上,于2013年和2014年两次对阳春重阳传统药市进行全面跟踪调查。结果表明:阳春重阳传统药市出售的药物种类丰富,共收集鉴定得出134种药用植物,隶属于60科117属,并对收集到的药用植物进行编目,包括俗名、学名、药用部位、用途和用法等。从药用植物的科、属分布上来看,其中种类较多的科有大戟科(11种)、蝶形花科(10种)、菊科(10种)、茜草科(9种)、马鞭草科(6种)、姜科(5种)、防己科(5种)。药用植物的种类广泛分布于各科和属中,而非集中于少数科、属内。此外,还对阳春重阳传统药市所形成的文化基础、植物应用特色和药材地域特色进行了分析,在药市中调查到一批具有当地特色的滋补养生类的药材,得出阳春当地具有将药用植物融入日常饮食的习惯。药市中售卖的药材功效与当地的自然环境密切联系,其中尤以治疗与岭南地区湿热的气候和瘴疠虫蛇等特点所引起的常见疾病为主。同时,对阳春药市的可持续发展提出了意见和建议。

Abstract:

This paper presents the result of a preliminary investigation on medicinal market during the Double Ninth Festival in Yangchun, a tropical city in West Guangdong, China. Based on the approaches of ethnobotany and taxonomy, the medicinal market of the Double Ninth Festival in Yangchun was investigated during 2013-2014 comprehensively. The results showed that Yangchun was an area with rich plant diversity, there were more than 1 580 species wild vascular plants in this area, which belonged to 210 families and 754 genera, most of them had medicinal values. The medicinal plants collected and sold in the medicinal market of the Double Ninth Festival by local people were diverse. More than 134 species of medicinal plants were investigated and recorded, which belong to 60 families and 117 genera. An inventory of medicinal plants which sold in the medicinal market on the Double Ninth Festival in Yangchun was documented in the present paper, including local name, scientific name, part used, application and prepared methods. The number of families containing more than five species was seven, including Euphorbiaceae(11 species), Papilionaceae(10 species), Asteraceae(10 species), Rubiaceae(9 species), Verbenaceae(6 species), Zingiberaceae(5 species), Menispermaceae(5 species). Most medicinal plants belong to various different families, instead of concentrating in a few families. In addition, medicinal plants resources, culture background, character of prepared methods and regional character of medicinal market were analyzed. The medicinal plants used for health-care were widely used in the daily life of the people in Yangchun, such as Amomum villosum, Rhamnus crenata, Morinda officinalis, Millettia speciose, Flemingia philippinensis, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Rosa laevigata and so on. The medicinal use of medicinal plants were closely related with Yangchun's natural environment, mostly for diseases which caused by hot and humid climate and mosquito and snake bite. Finally, suggestions for development of medicinal market were also proposed in the paper, more multi-discipline studies should be carried out on medicinal plants with potential values, which may play an important role in more extensive application range.