间作林木对茶园土壤真菌群落结构及功能的影响

Effects of intercropped trees on the structure and function of soil fungal communities in tea gardens

关键词:  茶园，间作林木，土壤真菌，群落结构，功能

Key words:  tea garden, intercropped trees, soil fungi, community structure, function

摘要:

为了探究豫南地区不同间作林木对茶园土壤真菌群落的影响，该研究以河南信阳地区间种板栗、茅栗、杉树的茶园土壤为试验对象，采用室内化学实验和高通量测序技术，分析了不同间作模式下茶园土壤化学性质和真菌群落结构及其与土壤养分的关系特点。结果表明：（1）间作茅栗和杉树的茶园土壤真菌物种丰度和多样性显著高于间作板栗的茶园，并且三者间真菌群落组成存在显著性差异。（2）在真菌群落结构上，间作茅栗和杉树的茶园具有较高的相似性。进一步分析发现，担子菌门和子囊菌门是3种间作茶园土壤的主要真菌门类。其中，间作板栗和杉树的茶园土壤担子菌门相对丰度较高，而间作茅栗的茶园则以子囊菌门为主。在属的分类水平上，间作板栗的茶园土壤中红菇属和被孢霉属的相对丰度明显高于其他两种间作类型。（3）研究还发现茶园土壤化学性质与真菌群落结构之间存在显著的相关性。间作不同林木的茶园土壤硝态氮和速效磷含量存在显著性差异，这些差异进一步影响了真菌群落的分布和结构。（4）在真菌营养类型方面，间作板栗和杉树的茶园土壤真菌以外生菌根真菌为主，而间作茅栗的茶园则以未定义腐生真菌为主。综上所述，豫南地区间作不同林木对茶园土壤真菌群落结构、多样性和功能产生了显著影响。这些发现为茶园间作树种的选择提供了科学依据，有助于优化茶园生态环境和提高茶叶品质。

Abstract:

To explore the impact of different intercropped trees on fungal communities in tea garden soils in southern Henan, the study took the tea garden soils intercropped with Castanea mollissima, C. seguinii and Cunninghamia lanceolata in Xinyang, Henan as the test objects. It used indoor chemical experiments and high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the chemical properties of tea garden soil, fungal community structure and their relationship with soil nutrients under different intercropping patterns. The results were as follows: (1) The fungal species abundance and diversity in the tea garden soil intercropped with Castanea seguinii and Cunninghamia lanceolata were significantly higher than those intercropped with Castanea mollissima, and there were significant differences in fungal community composition among the three. (2) In terms of fungal community structure, the tea gardens intercropped with C. seguinii and Cunninghamia lanceolata exhibited high similarity. Further analysis revealed that Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were the main fungal phyla in the soil of the three intercropped tea gardens. Among them, the relative abundance of Basidiomycota was higher in the tea garden soil intercropped with Castanea mollissima and Cunninghamia lanceolata, while Ascomycota dominated in the tea garden intercropped with Castanea seguinii. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Russula and Mortierella in the tea garden soil intercropped with Castanea mollissima was significantly higher than the other two intercropping types. (3) The study also found a significant correlation between the chemical properties of the tea garden soil and the fungal community structure. There were significant differences in nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus contents in the soil of tea gardens intercropped with different trees, which further influenced the distribution and structure of the fungal community. (4) In terms of fungal trophic types, the soil fungi in the tea gardens intercropped with Castanea mollissima and Cunninghamia lanceolata were dominated by ectomycorrhizal fungi, while those in the tea garden intercropped with Castanea seguinii were primarily undefined saprotrophic fungi. In summary, significant differences exist in the composition, diversity, and functions of fungal communities in the soil of tea gardens intercropped with Castanea mollissima, C. seguinii, and Cunninghamia lanceolata in southern Henan. These findings provide scientific evidence for the selection of intercropped tree species in tea gardens, contributing to the optimization of the ecological environment and the improvement of tea quality.