入侵植物加拿大一枝黄花在湖北的扩散动态和影响因素研究

Spread dynamics and driving factors of alien invasive plant Solidago canadensis in Hubei Province

关键词:  加拿大一枝黄花, 扩散动态, 影响因素, 人类活动, 入侵机理

Key words:   Solidago canadensis, spread dynamics, driving factors, human activities, invasive mechanism

摘要:

为明确加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis)在湖北省的入侵过程和影响因素,该文结合相关报道和实地踏查搜集加拿大一枝黄花的入侵分布点,借助ArcGIS对其历史分布动态进行模拟重建,并利用MaxEnt模型对其扩散动态和影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:(1)加拿大一枝黄花在湖北呈不连续聚集分布,由早期的“跳跃式”入侵演变为由东向西北“渐进式”扩散,其中武汉、咸宁和宜昌中部地区入侵程度最为严重。(2)人类活动是影响加拿大一枝黄花扩散的主要因素,其主要沿着公路、铁路等交通方式实现远距离传播,入侵分布点数量与人类活动强度和路网密度呈正相关。(3)最干季度降水量(Bio_17)、气温季节性变动系数(Bio_4)、最湿季度平均温度(Bio_8)、土壤的酸碱度(t_pH)、土壤表层有机碳含量(t_oc)和海拔(DEM)是影响其生长繁殖的关键生态因子。在t_pH=4.0～7.5、t_oc=0.60%～1.12%的酸性或弱碱性土及Bio_4=880～920、Bio_8>24 ℃时,加拿大一枝黄花最容易发生入侵,其在湖北省的中、高适生区面积可达75 200 km²。综合其在湖北的历史扩散动态和影响因素认为:加拿大一枝黄花的适生区面积和入侵点均呈现由东向西减少的趋势; 人类活动是造成其入侵湖北和扩散的主要因素,而自然因子则直接限制其在入侵点的种群大小和发生面积。该研究为加拿大一枝黄花的风险评估、监测预警和防控治理等技术提供了理论支撑。

Abstract:

Solidago canadensis originated from North America, has become a notorious alien invasive plant widely distributed in China, which cause huge agricultural economic losses and serious ecological environment problems. In order to understand the invasive process and driving factors of S. canadensis in Hubei Province, combining with investigation, previous studies, news and media reports to collect the distribution sites of S. canadensis, the historical distribution dynamics of S. canadensis was simulated and reconstructed by the ArcGIS in Hubei Province. Moreover, the spread dynamics and its driving factors were analyzed by MaxEnt model. The results were as follows:(1)S. canadensis showed discontinuous aggregation distribution in Hubei Province. The early “jumping” invasion gradually transformed into the “gradual” spread from east to northwest Hubei in recent years. The Wuhan, Xianning and the central area of Yichang displayed the most serious invasion.(2)Human activities were the main factors promoting the spread of S. canadensis. It could move far away through transport along the road and railway. In addition, the invasive distribution sites of S. canadensis were positively correlated with human activity intensity and road network density in Hubei Province.(3)The precipitation of the driest quarter(Bio_17), temperature seasonality(Bio_4), mean temperature of the wettest quarter(Bio_8), the pH value of the soil(t_pH ), the soil surface organic carbon content(t_oc)and the elevation(DEM)were key ecological factors affecting the propagation of S. canadensis. S. canadensis invaded easily with the t_pH value 4.0-7.5, the t_oc value 0.60%-1.12%, the Bio_4 value 880-920 and the Bio_8 value more than 24 ℃. Moreover, the potential distribution areas suitable for medium and high adaptive growth of S. canadensis could reach up to 75 200 km². Combined with historical spread dynamics and affecting factors of S. canadensis invasion, the adaptive areas and invasive distribution sites have tended to reduce from east to west in Hubei Province, and the human activities is a major factor resulted in its invasion and distribution. Moreover, natural factors directly limit its population size and potential distribution areas at the invasion site in Hubei Province. This research provides theoretical support for risk assessment, monitoring and early warning, and prevention and control technologies of S. canadensis.