西藏札达县藏族有用野生植物的调查研究

A survey of useful wild plants of the Tibetan in Zanda County, Xizang, China

关键词:  民族植物学, 生物多样性, 西藏札达县, 藏族, 传统知识

Key words:  ethnobotany, biodiversity, Zanda County, Tibetan, traditional knowledge

摘要:

野生植物在人们的日常生活中发挥着举足轻重的作用,为藏区人民提供了诸多生计必需品。札达县位于中国西藏自治区阿里地区的西南部,与印度相邻,是通往南亚的重要通道。该地属于高原亚寒带干旱气候区,藏族在适应恶劣的环境中掌握了丰富的野生植物利用的传统知识。为全面系统地调查、记录和研究札达县藏族对野生植物的传统利用知识,该研究采用民族植物学的调查研究方法,共访谈了173位信息报告人,记录了3 639条利用报告(UR),并采用利用价值(UV)、文化价值指数(CV)和文化重要性指数(CII)等定量方法进行分析。结果表明:(1)札达县藏族掌握着丰富的野生植物利用传统知识,119种可利用野生植物,分属40科83属。(2)该地野生植物利用类别多样,有8个利用类别,并且多种植物同时具有2种及以上用途。(3)人们生活中最重要的植物是葛缕子(Carum carvi)(UV=1.220)、冻原白蒿(Artemisia stracheyi)(UV=0.919)、心叶大黄(Rheum acuminatum)(UV=0.890)、柏木属(Cupressus sp.)(UV=0.769)和异株荨麻(Urtica dioica)(UV=0.757),这些植物和当地藏族的生活息息相关。(4)复杂多样的高原环境显著影响该地区野生植物的利用。该研究不仅系统地记录了札达县野生植物利用的知识和特征,有助于该地区植物资源的深入挖掘与利用,促进传统知识的传承,而且对生物多样性的保护具有积极的意义。

Abstract:

Wild plants play a pivotal role in people's daily lives, providing numerous necessities such as food, medicine, and living tools for survival. Zanda County, located in the southwestern part of Ngari Prefecture, Xizang Autonomous Region, China, bordering India, serves as an important gateway for China's access to South Asia. This region used to engage in prosperous and lively border trade. The region is characterized by a plateau sub-frigid arid climate, and characterized by low annual average temperature, low oxygen concentration, cold winters, and cool summers. The Tibetan here has amassed rich traditional knowledge on the utilization of wild plants in adapting to the harsh environment. To comprehensively and systematically investigate, document, and study the traditional knowledge of the Tibetan in Zanda County on the utilization of wild plants, ethnobotanical investigation methods were adopted. The research involved interviews with 173 informants, recording 3 639 utilization reports(URs), and conducted quantitative analyses using use value(UV), cultural value(CV), and cultural importance index(CII)metrics. The results are as follows:(1)The Tibetan in Zanda County possesses extensive traditional knowledge on the utilization of wild plants, employing 119 species, belonging to 40 families and 83 genera.(2)The utilization categories of wild plants in this area are diverse, with eight utilization categories, and multiple plants possessing two or more uses simultaneously.(3)The most significant plants in people's lives are Carum carvi(UV=1.220), Artemisia stracheyi(UV=0.919), Rheum acuminatum(UV=0.890), Cupressus sp.(UV=0.769), and Urtica dioica(UV=0.757). Theses plants are intimately connected to the lives of the local Tibetan and are deeply loved by them.(4)The intricate and diverse plateau environment significantly influences the utilization of wild plants in this region. This study not only comprehensively and systematically documents the utilization knowledge and characteristics of wild plants in Zanda County, but also contributes to the further exploration and rational utilization of local plant resources, and promotes the inheritance of traditional knowledge, contributing to the prosperity of local culture. In addition, this study has positive implications for biodiversity conservation, helping to raise public awareness and protection consciousness towards biodiversity, and promoting the balance and harmonious development of the ecosystem.