湖北省国家重点保护野生植物分布与研究进展

Geographic distribution and research progress of national key protected wild plants in Hubei Province

关键词:  国家重点保护野生植物, 地理分布, 研究空缺, 濒危等级, 就地保护, 迁地保护, 湖北省

Key words:  national key protected wild plants, geographic distribution, research gap, endangered category, in-situ conservation, ex-situ conservation, Hubei Province

摘要:

基于国家林业和草原局 农业农村部2021年发布的《国家重点保护野生植物名录》,在文献研读、标本查阅、野外调查和专家咨询的基础上,整理出新版湖北省国家重点保护野生植物名录,编制县域(市辖区)地理分布图,并从科学研究情况、受威胁现状和保护现状等方面,介绍了湖北省国家重点保护野生植物研究进展。结果表明:(1)湖北省现有国家重点保护野生植物155种,其中一级11种、二级144种。(2)湖北省国家重点保护野生植物在空间上分布不均匀,主要集中分布于鄂西和鄂西南,以神农架林区和利川市最多。(3)研究较多的物种为具有经济价值的物种、旗舰物种和区域代表性物种。此外,有超过1/3的物种(55个)基本无研究涉及。湖北省国家重点保护野生植物的研究集中在遗传多样性与遗传结构、全球变化条件下未来分布预测和谱系地理等方面。(4)参照《中国生物多样性红色名录——高等植物卷》,湖北省国家重点保护野生植物包含9个极危物种、30个濒危物种、41个易危物种和19个近危物种。受威胁因素主要为直接采挖或砍伐、生境退化或丧失和物种内在因素。(5)目前,湖北省有137种国家重点保护野生植物(占比88.4%)全部或部分位于自然保护地之内,其余18种(占比11.6%)全部位于自然保护地之外。湖北省共引种栽培了93种国家重点保护野生植物,其他62种国家重点保护植物尚无迁地保护记录。此外,仅有极少的物种有野外回归实践。(6)目前,湖北省有7个野生植物(其中5个为湖北特有种)虽然分布范围局限且受内因和人为干扰的影响,但是尚未被列入国家重点保护野生植物名录。此外,该文指出当前湖北省在国家重点保护野生植物研究及保护中的薄弱环节和空缺,提出针对性的研究建议和保护策略。

Abstract:

The updated List of National Key Protected Wild Plants(LNKPWP)was released by National Forestry and Grassland Administration and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China in September 2021. By integrating literature search, herbarium record, field investigation and expert consultation, we compiled the updated list, investigated the geographic distribution map, research progress, threatened status, and protection status of national key protected wild plants(NKPWP)in Hubei Province. The results are as follows:(1)There are 155 species on the LNKPWP in Hubei Province, of which 11 species are protected at Category I and 144 species are protected at Category Ⅱ.(2)Geographic distribution of NKPWP in Hubei Province is uneven and concentrated in West and Southwest Hubei, with Shennongjia and Lichuan have the greatest numbers of NKPWP.(3)The most studied species are the species with economic value, flagship species and regional representative species. In addition, more than a third of the species(55 species)are almost unstudied. The research of NKPWP in Hubei Province focused on genetic diversity, genetic structure, future distribution prediction under global change conditions, and phylogeography, etc.(4)According to the Red List of China Biodiversity — Volume of Higher Plants, the NKPWP in Hubei Province contain 9 critically endangered species, 30 endangered species, 41 vulnerable species and 19 near-threatened species. The main threatened factors are direct mining or logging, habitat degradation or loss, and species intrinsic factors.(5)Until now, 137(88.4%)species of NKPWP in Hubei Province are wholly or partially located in protected areas, and the remaining 18 species(11.6%)are completely located outside protected areas. A total of 93 species of NKPWP have been introduced and cultivated in Hubei Province, while the other 62 species have not been recorded under ex situ conservation. In addition, very few species have been reintroduced into the wild.(6)Up to now, although the distribution ranges of seven wild plants in Hubei Province(five of which are endemic to Hubei)are limited and they are negatively affected by internal causes and human interference, they have not been included in the LNKPWP. In addition, this study points out the knowledge gaps in the research and protection of NKPWP in Hubei Province, and puts forward specific research suggestions and protection strategies.