细胞质雄性不育表型及不育机制研究进展

Advances in cytoplasmic male sterility phenotype and infertility mechanism

关键词:  细胞质雄性不育, 线粒体基因组, 活性氧(ROS), 开放阅读框(ORF), CMS分子机制

Key words:  cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS), mitochondrial genome, reactive oxygen species(ROS), open reading frames(ORF), molecular mechanism of CMS

摘要:

植物线粒体基因组内特殊的开放阅读框(open reading frame, ORF)导致植物不产生雄配子或产生的雄配子无法正常受精,这种现象被称为细胞质雄性不育(cytoplasmic male sterility, CMS)。CMS材料雄配子稳定败育的特性使其在杂交种商业化生产中一直扮演着重要角色,有效降低了制种成本,提高了杂交种纯度。随着对CMS现象研究的深入,新的CMS材料通过各种手段被不断创制出来,相关的不育基因也逐渐被定位和克隆。该文首先概述了目前对CMS基因进化的研究和常用CMS材料及其相关CMS基因的挖掘情况,随后总结了CMS材料在物质能量代谢、激素水平等方面的表型特点。同时整合了当前对CMS分子机制的几种假说,并结合实验证据提出对CMS分子机制的观点。以期在总结当前细胞质雄性不育研究的基础上对未来更加深入的理论和实验研究提供参考。

Abstract:

The presence of some specialized open reading frames(ORFs)within plant mitochondrial genomes can cause the failure of male gamete production or their abnormal fertilization, which is referred to as cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS). CMS material is of great value in the commercial production of hybrid seeds, owing to their sterility effectively reduce breeding costs and enhance hybrid seed purity. With progressive investigations, new CMS materials are continuously being created through various means, with associated sterility genes being identified and cloned. Herein, the current research on the evolution of CMS genes is throughly reviewed, as well as the exploration of common CMS materials and their responsible CMS genes. The phenotypic characteristics of CMS materials in material-energy metabolism and hormone levels are summarized. Meanwhile, several hypotheses concerning the molecular mechanisms of CMS are discussed and some new insights are proposed based on the empirical evidence. This review aims to assist in integrating the current research on cytoplasmic male sterility and contributing to more profound theoretical and experimental investigations in the future.