基于SSR标记淡黄金花茶的遗传多样性和遗传结构研究

向盈盈<sup>1; 2</sup>; 唐绍清<sup>1; 2</sup>; 卢永彬<sup>3*</sup>

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基于SSR标记淡黄金花茶的遗传多样性和遗传结构研究
向盈盈^1,2, 唐绍清^1,2, 卢永彬^3*
1. 广西师范大学珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护教育部重点实验室, 广西桂林 541006;2. 广西师范大学生命科学学院, 广西桂林 541006;3. 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室, 广西桂林 541006

摘要:

淡黄金花茶(Camellia flavida)是分布于广西西南部的国家二级保护植物,具有重要的观赏价值。了解珍稀濒危物种的遗传多样性和遗传结构,可为其种质资源的保护和管理提供理论依据。该研究基于14对微卫星(SSR)引物对已知分布区内的12个淡黄金花茶自然种群进行了遗传多样性和遗传结构分析。结果表明:(1)14对引物共检测到63个等位基因; SSR位点的平均多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.691,显示出高度遗传多态性。(2)12个种群的平均等位基因数(N_a)为4.476,平均有效等位基因数(N_e)为2.720,平均观测杂合度(H_o)为0.590,平均期望杂合度(H_e)为0.575,而种群间遗传分化系数(F_ST)为0.212。(3)AMOVA分析结果显示,种群间的分子变异为21.19%(P<0.05),种群间存在高水平的遗传分化,该结果得到了STRUCTURE分析和UPGMA分析的支持。(4)Mantel检验结果表明种群间的遗传距离与地理距离存在显著正相关(R²=0.177,P<0.05)。以上结果表明了淡黄金花茶群体维持着一定水平的遗传多样性,而且种群间存在高水平的遗传分化。基于该结果,建议加强对淡黄金花茶自然种群的保护,以及夏石种群的保护。

关键词: 淡黄金花茶, 遗传多样性, 遗传分化, 遗传结构, SSR标记

DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202404011

分类号:Q943

文章编号:1000-3142(2025)04-0654-13

Fund project:国家自然科学基金(31760088)。

Genetic diversity and genetic structure of Camellia flavida based on SSR markers

XIANG Yingying^1,2, TANG Shaoqing^1,2, LU Yongbin^3*

1. Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, Guangxi NormalUniversity, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China;2. College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China;3. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Instituteof Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China

Abstract:

Camellia flavida is listed as a national Class Ⅱ protected plant distributed in southwestern Guangxi with high ornamental value. Understanding the genetic diversity and genetic structure of rare and endangered species can provide a theoretical reference for the conservation and management of their germplasm resources. The present study aimed to analyse the genetic diversity and genetic structure of 12 natural populations of C. flavida in its currently known range using 14 simple sequence repeat(SSR)primers. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 63 alleles were detected by the 14 pairs of primers, with a mean value of polymorphic information content(PIC)of 0.691, indicating a high level of genetic polymorphism.(2)The average allele number(N_a)of the 12 populations was 4.476, the average effective allele number(N_e)was 2.720, the average observed heterozygosity(H_o)was 0.590, the average expected heterozygosity(H_e)was 0.575, and the genetic differentiation coefficient(F_ST)among populations(F_ST)was 0.212.(3)Analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA)revealed that 21.19% occurred among populations(P<0.05), suggesting significant genetic differentiation among populations, which was corroborated by the STRUCTURE and UPGMA analyses.(4)Mantel test indicated a significant positive correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance among populations(R²=0.177, P<0.05). The above results indicate that C. flavida maintains a degree of genetic diversity and exhibits high levels of genetic differentiation among populations. Based on this result, it is recommended to protect as many natural populations of C. flavida as possible and to strengthen the protection of the Xiashi population.

Key words: Camellia flavida, genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, genetic structure, SSR marker