菌根真菌接种方式对蓝莓幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

Effects of inoculation ways of mycorrhizal fungi on growth and physiological characteristics of blueberry seedlings

关键词:  菌根真菌，蓝莓幼苗，接种方式，侵染率，促生效应，隶属函数

Key words:  mycorrhizal fungi, blueberry seedlings, inoculation ways, infection rate, growth-promotion, membership function

摘要:

为探讨蓝莓接种菌根真菌的有效方法，该研究以一年生蓝莓组培苗和1株菌根真菌（Talaromyces aculeatus）为材料，设计了根系与菌悬液浸泡（F1）、菌悬液与基质混合（F2）、挑取固体菌块（F3）、修剪根系后与菌悬液浸泡（F4）和菌悬液浇灌（F5）5种接种方式进行盆栽试验，以无菌水浸泡及不接种菌根真菌的盆栽苗为对照（CK），观察接种后幼苗根系侵染情况，测定幼苗生长生理指标。结果表明：（1）F2处理的蓝莓幼苗根系侵染率最高，其次是F5处理，各接种方式处理的根系侵染率分别是CK的2.6倍、3.7倍、3.4倍、3.2倍和3.6倍。（2）除了叶生物量和根生物量指标外，接种菌根的蓝莓幼苗生长指标整体高于CK，与CK相比，5种接种方式处理下的苗高、地径生长量和总生物量增幅分别为3.21%~30.47%、16.37%~37.43%和9.69%~39.79%；总根长、总根表面积、总根体积和根尖数的增幅分别为38.63%~118.43%、5.08%~94.89%、11.97%~65.14%和28.90%~92.44%。（3）不同接种方式处理的蓝莓幼苗生理特性差异明显，叶片最大电子传递速率、最小饱和光强、叶绿素b含量和叶绿素总量较高为F3处理，叶绿素a含量和根系活力较高为F2处理，CK处理的初始斜率高于接种处理。（4）通过隶属函数法对各接种方式处理进行综合评价，排名依次为F3>F2>F5>F4>F1>CK。接种方式显著影响蓝莓菌根真菌的促生效果，适宜接种方式为固体菌块、菌悬液与基质混合以及菌悬液浇灌接种，为蓝莓菌根苗高效栽培提供重要参考。

Abstract:

To explore effective methods for inoculating blueberry with mycorrhizal fungi, a pot experiment was conducted using one-year-old tissue-cultured blueberry seedlings and a strain of mycorrhizal fungus (Talaromyces aculeatus). Five inoculation ways were designed, as root immersion in fungal suspension(F1) , mixing fungal suspension with substrate(F2) , inoculating with solid fungal blocks(F3) , root immersion in fungal suspension after root pruning(F4) , and irrigation with fungal suspension(F5). Seedlings immersed in sterile water without inoculation served as the control (CK). Root infection situation after inoculation was statistically analyzed, and determined some indexes that relate to growth and physiology. The results were as follow: (1) The root infection rates of blueberry were Significantly different among the inoculation ways, the seedlings inoculated by F2 showed a higher infection rate than those by other ways, and the seedlings infection rate by F5 were second highest. The root infection rates of treatments F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5 were 2.6, 3.7, 3.4, 3.2 and 3.6 times higher than CK, respectively. (2) Except for leaf biomass and root biomass, all other growth parameters of blueberry seedlings inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi were significantly higher than those of CK. Compared to the CK, the height, ground diameter, and total biomass of seedlings treated by five inoculation ways increased by 3.21%–30.47%, 16.37%–37.43%, and 9.69%–39.79%, respectively. The total root length, total root surface area, total root volume and root tip number increased by 38.63%–118.43%, 5.08%–94.89%, 11.97%–65.14%, and 28.90%–92.44%. (3) The physiological characteristic of blueberry seedlings by different inoculation ways showed Significant difference, the electron transport rate, light saturation point, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll under the F3 were higher than other treatments , the chlorophyll a and root activity showed higher with F2, while the CK had a higher initial slope than inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi. (4) Based on the membership function analysis, the comprehensive evaluation result was F3 > F2 > F5 > F4 > F1 > CK. The inoculation method significantly affects the impact on the growth-promoting effect of mycorrhizal fungi. The suitable inoculation ways are solid fungal blocks, mixing fungal suspension with substrate, and fungal suspension irrigation, which provide important insights for the efficient cultivation of mycorrhizal blueberry seedlings.