叶下珠科三脉守宫木在中国的分布考证

Distribution clarification of Breynia trinervia (Phyllanthaceae) in China

关键词:  黑面神属，守宫木属，叶下珠族，云南，错误鉴定

Key words:  Breynia, Sauropus trinervius, tribe. Phyllantheae, Yunnan, misidentification

摘要:

为考证三脉守宫木（Breynia trinervia）在中国的分布问题，该研究采用经典形态地理学方法，对早期文献记载的凭证标本及相关馆藏标本进行形态对比与分类核查。结果表明：（1）早期文献记载该物种在中国分布于云南会泽县和开远县等地的凭证标本实际为鼠李科（Rhamnaceae）植物毛蛇藤（Colubrina javanica），因此此前分布记录系标本鉴定错误所致。（2）在进一步的标本研究中，发现来自云南盈江县的一号标本，其形态特征（卵状披针形叶片、基出三脉、星状雄花花萼）与三脉守宫木的模式标本一致，证实了三脉守宫木在中国确有分布。（3）结合标本观察及文献资料，给出了该物种的中英文形态描述，并对其地理分布的生物地理学意义做了讨论。该文纠正了三脉守宫木早期分布记录的错误，首次确认其在中国云南盈江县的自然分布，为中国黑面神属物种分类学研究提供关键依据，同时佐证云南盈江县作为古热带与东亚植物区系过渡带的重要生物地理学地位。

Abstract:

To clarify the distribution of Breynia trinervia (Phyllanthaceae) in China, this research employed traditional morphogeographical methods to examine voucher specimens cited in early literature and related herbarium collections. The results indicate that the specimens cited in literature for the previously reported distribution of this species in Huize County and Kaiyuan County, Yunnan Province, China, were actually Colubrina javanica (Rhamnaceae). Therefore, the historical records of B. trinervia in these areas resulted from specimen misidentification. Further examination revealed a specimen collected from Yingjiang County, Yunnan, whose diagnostic morphological characters (ovate-lanceolate leaves, three basal veins, and star-shaped calyx in male flowers) are consistent with the type material of B. trinervia, confirming its natural distribution in China. Based on specimen observations and literature review, this study provides detailed morphological descriptions of B. trinervia in both Chinese and English and discusses the biogeographical implications of its distribution. In conclusion, this work corrects the previous errors in the distribution records of B. trinervia, confirms the natural distribution of B. trinervia in Yingjiang County, Yunnan, China, provides a basis for future taxonomic research on Breynia in China, and underscores the biogeographical importance of Yingjiang as a transition zone between the Paleotropical and East Asian floras.