中国西藏墨脱药用苔藓植物资源调查及生态类型分布研究

Investigation of medicinal bryophyte resources and ecological type distribution in Medog, Xizang, China

关键词:  墨脱，苔藓植物，药用功效，资源调查，生长基质

Key words:  Medog, bryophytes, medicinal properties, resource survey, growth substrate

摘要:

为系统了解墨脱药用苔藓植物资源及分布规律，丰富墨脱苔藓植物研究，补充药用苔藓植物资源基础资料，该研究在2020年、2023年和2024年多次进入墨脱境内，对中国西藏自治区墨脱县药用苔藓植物进行野外调查、标本采集并鉴定，整理墨脱药用苔藓植物物种组成，对墨脱药用苔藓植物进行药用功效梳理和多样性分析。结果表明：（1）墨脱区域共发现药用苔藓植物91种，隶属于44科59属，药用苔藓植物资源物种多样性丰富。（2）药用苔藓植物代谢物丰富，共注释到81条代谢通路，代谢物种类中参与植物次生代谢产物合成代谢通路数量最多。（3）对8种生长基质种类分析，物种丰富度指数和多样性指数由高到低依次为石生>土生>岩面薄土>树附生>腐木生>水生＞土石生>腐殖质生，其中石生苔藓种类与岩面薄土生苔藓种类相似性系数最高，为0.524，两种生长基质共有种类27种。综上认为，墨脱药用苔藓植物种类丰富，墨脱区域药用苔藓种类相较其他地区数量显著较高。苔藓植物代谢物中具有多种类型的萜类化合物，代谢物种类在植物次生代谢合成通路显著富集。8种着生基质中石生数量最多且多样性指数最高且物种丰富度最高，不同基质苔藓种类差异较大，分布特征与生境有关。

Abstract:

This study aims to systematically document the resources and distribution of medicinal bryophytes in Medog County, to enhance research on bryophyte diversity in the region, and to supplement fundamental information on bryophyte-derived medicinal resources. This study involved multiple field expeditions to Medog County, Xizang Autonomous Region, conducted in 2020, 2023, and 2024. Medicinal bryophytes were collected, identified, and recorded through extensive field surveys. Species composition was systematically documented, and the medicinal properties as well as species diversity of these bryophytes were analyzed in detail. The resuls were as follows: (1) A total of 91 medicinal bryophyte species were identified in the Medog area, belonging to 44 families and 59 genera, indicating a remarkably high level of species diversity in medicinal bryophyte resources. (2) The metabolites of these medicinal bryophytes were highly diverse, with a total of 81 metabolic pathways annotated. The identified metabolites were significantly enriched in pathways associated with the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites, highlighting the potential pharmaceutical value. (3) Analysis of eight distinct substrate types showed that species richness and diversity indices ranked in descending order as follows: lithophytic＞terrestrial＞thin soil on rock＞epiphytic＞lignicolous＞aquatic＞saxicolous＞humucolous. The highest similarity coefficient (0.524) was observed between lithophytic species and thin soil on rock species, with 27 species shared between these two substrate types, suggesting notable ecological overlap. In summary, the medicinal bryophyte flora in Medog is characterized by exceptionally high species richness and diversity, surpassing that of many other regions in both taxonomic composition and ecological complexity. The metabolites derived from these bryophytes comprise diverse terpenoids and various other secondary compounds, with significant enrichment observed in plant secondary metabolic biosynthesis pathways, indicating substantial pharmaceutical potential. Among the eight substrate types identified, lithophytic bryophytes exhibit the highest species abundance, the greatest diversity indices, and the most pronounced species richness. The distribution of bryophyte species across different substrate types displays considerable heterogeneity, and the compositional patterns as well as quantitative distributions are intimately associated with the distinctive habitat characteristics of Medog, including microclimatic conditions, moisture regimes, and substrate stability. These findings underscore the unique bryological significance of Medog and provide critical baseline data for the conservation and sustainable utilization of its medicinal bryophyte resources.