广西四个产地八角品种类型及优树主要经济性状分析

Analysis on variety types and superior tree economic traits of Illicium verum from four origins in Guangxi

关键词:  八角, 品种类型, 叶片, 果实, 性状分析

Key words:  Illicium verum(star anise), variety type, leaf, fruit, trait analysis

摘要:

为了进一步探明广西八角不同品种类型的分布并挖掘优良种质,该研究对4个不同产地的八角进行调查,并对初步筛选出的36株优树叶片及果实性状进行分析。结果表明:(1)淡红花八角和红花八角两种类型的八角占比之和超过了90%,黄花类型缺失,果实果瓣有6～13瓣,但以8瓣为主,整株果实果瓣数一致的仅有8瓣及13瓣。(2)初选优树单株间鲜果重、鲜果含油率、果柄长的变异系数(CV)均超过 20%,反式茴香脑含量的CV最小,为5.44%,4个产地的叶形指数、叶片厚度、鲜果含油率存在显著性差异。(3)叶片厚度、鲜叶重与鲜果宽、鲜果重呈显著或极显著正相关关系,相对湿度与7个主要性状均呈显著正相关关系,花色与果实的主要性状相关性不显著。(4)上林单株(SL5)单独聚为一类,其他单株未按地域聚类。综上认为,淡红花八角和红花八角是广西八角的两个主要品种类型,八角果瓣数6～13均为正常果实,8瓣为常见类型; 初选优树各性状变异丰富度较高,鲜果重和鲜果含油率这两个经济性状的遗传改良潜力较大; 相对湿度对八角生长发育的影响较大,叶片厚实的植株出现大果的概率更高,花色与果实品质无明显关联; 聚类分析表明各产地植株性状遗传分化比较大,亲缘关系比较复杂,可能跟人工栽培方式和植物本身遗传特性有关。该研究为八角种质资源利用提供了参考,也为进一步的八角育种和栽培提供了指导方向。

Abstract:

To further clarify the distribution of different variety types and excavate superior germplasm of Illicium verum(star anise)in Guangxi, a survey was conducted on I. verum from four different regions, and the leaf and fruit traits of 36 initially selected superior trees were analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)The proportion of star anise individuals with light red and red flowers exceeded 90%, whereas those with yellow flowers were not identified in this study. The number of fruit segments in star anise ranged from 6 to 13, with 8 segments being the most common. It was only the fruits with 8 and 13 segments that were consistently observed on the entire plants.(2)The coefficients of variation(CV)for fresh fruit weight, oil content of fresh fruit, and fruit stalk length all exceeded 20% among the initially selected superior trees. In contrast, the CV for trans-anethole content was the smallest at 5.44%. Significant differences were observed in leaf shape index, leaf thickness, and oil content of fresh fruit among the four origins.(3)A significantly or extremely significantly positive correlation was found between leaf thickness/fresh leaf weight and fresh fruit width/weight. Relative humidity was significantly positively correlated with seven main traits. In contrast, flower color did not show a clear correlation with the main fruit traits.(4)In the cluster analysis, the individual from Shanglin(SL5)clustered separately, whereas other individuals did not cluster based on region. In conclusion, the two types of star anise with light red and red flowers were the main variety types in Guangxi. Among these variety types, the number of fruit segments ranging from 6 to 13 were considered normally, and that fruits with 8 segments were the common type. The initially selected superior trees displayed a high degree of trait variation, suggesting significant potential for genetic improvement in economic traits such as fresh fruit weight and oil content of fresh fruit. Relative humidity significantly influenced the growth and development of star anise. Those plants with thicker leaves generally to produce larger fruits. However, no clear correlation was observed between flower color and fruit quality. Cluster analysis results implied, significant genetic differentiation in traits among plants from different regions indicating complex genetic relationships among these variety types. This complexity might be attributed to variations in artificial cultivation methods and the inherent genetic characteristics of the plants. The study provides a theoretical reference for the future utilization of germplasm resources and offers guidance for further breeding and cultivation of star anise.