巴尔鲁克山国家级自然保护区岩生大型地衣群落特征的研究

Saxicolous macrolichen community characteristics in the Barluk Mountain National Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China

关键词:  数量分类, 环境因子, 物种分布格局, 海拔梯度, 自然保护区

Key words:  numerical classification, environmental factors, species distribution pattern, elevation gradient, nature reserve

摘要:

为查明巴尔鲁克山国家级自然保护区岩生大型地衣群落特征及物种分布与环境因子间的关系,该文采用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)方法对保护区岩生大型地衣群落进行数量分类,并采用典范对应分析(CCA)方法进行排序。结果表明:(1)分布在保护区的岩生大型地衣共30种(含2个变种)隶属于6科14属。其中,梅衣科、蜈蚣衣科和瓶口衣科为优势科,共25种,其种数占该地区岩生大型地衣总种数的83.3%。(2)根据TWINSPAN分析将该保护区的岩生大型地衣分为5个群丛,即群丛1(长根皮果衣+皮果衣覆瓦原变种+Dermatocarpon arnoldianum群丛)、群丛2(淡肤根石耳+蓝灰蜈蚣衣群丛)、群丛3(菊叶黄梅+怀俄明黄梅群丛)、群丛4(皱面粗根石耳+睫毛黑蜈蚣衣群丛)、群丛5(异白点蜈蚣衣+暗褐衣群丛)。(3)α多样性指数显示,群丛3的多样性最高,群丛5的多样性最低; 群丛间的 β多样性指数较低。(4)CCA 排序结果表明,海拔、坡度、人为干扰强度、岩石大小等环境因子对岩生大型地衣物种分布的影响较显著,空气相对湿度和岩石的酸碱度对地衣的影响不显著; 坡向、光照强度与岩生大型地衣的分布呈负相关。综上,保护区岩生大型地衣群落结构较复杂,地衣物种分布受到自然和人为因素的共同影响,不同海拔间岩生大型地衣种类的差异不显著。

Abstract:

In this paper, in order to investigate the characteristics of saxicolous macrolichen communities and the relation between species distribution and environmental factors in Barluk Mountain National Nature Reserve, the two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN)was used to numerical classification of communities and canonical correspondence analysis(CCA)was used to analyse the relations between the species distribution and environmental factors. The results were as follows:(1)There were 30 saxicolous macrolichens(including 2 varieties)belonging to 14 genera and 6 families distributed in this nature reserve, among which Parmeliaceae, Physciaceae and Verrucariaceae were the dominant families, having 25 species, accounting for 83.3% of total macrolichen species.(2)The saxicolous macrolichen communities were classified into five associations according to TWINSPAN analysis results, namely Association 1(Dermatocarpon moulinsii + Dermatocarpon miniatum var. imbricatum + Dermatocarpon arnoldianum), Association 2(Umbilicaria virginis + Physcia caesia), Association 3(Xanthoparmelia somloensis + Xanthoparmelia wyomingica), Association 4(Umbilicaria aprina + Phaeophyscia ciliata), Association 5(Physcia phaea + Melanelia stygia).(3)α diversity index showed that Association 3 had the highest diversity, while Association 5 had the lowest diversity; β diversity index between associations was relatively low.(4)The CCA ordination result showed that environmental factors such as altitude, slope, human disturbance degree, and rock size had a significant impact on the distribution of saxicolous macrolichen species, while air relative humidity and the acidity and pH of rocks had no significant impact on lichens; the aspect and light intensity were negatively correlated with the distribution of saxicolous macrolichens. In conclusion, the structure of the saxicolous macrolichen community in the protected area is complex, the distribution of lichen species is influenced by both natural and human factors, and there is no significant difference in saxicolous macrolichen species between different altitudes.