岑王老山国家级自然保护区大型真菌资源调查（附录）

Investigation of macrofungi resources in Cenwanglaoshan National Nature Reserve

关键词:  物种多样性, 优势类群, 区系特征, 生药资源, 应用价值

Key words:  species diversity, dominant taxa, floristic characteristics, crude drug resources, value of application

摘要:

为摸清岑王老山国家级自然保护区(以下简称岑王老山保护区)大型真菌的资源现状,该研究采用随机踏查法对该区大型真菌资源进行调查采集,结合形态学和分子生物学方法进行物种鉴定。结果表明:(1)共鉴定出371种大型真菌,隶属于2门6纲19目71科163属。其中,包含食用菌32种、药用菌47种以及毒菌17种。(2)大型真菌物种组成分析显示,优势科(≥10种)为多孔菌科(Polyporaceae)、类脐菇科(Omphalotaceae)、炭角菌科(Xylariaceae)、小皮伞科(Marasmiaceae)、脆柄菇科(Psathyrellaceae)等8科; 优势属(≥5种)为炭角菌属(Xylaria)、小皮伞属(Marasmius)、裸脚伞属(Gymnopus)、微皮伞属(Marasmiellus)、红菇属(Russula)、线虫草属(Ophiocordyceps)、鹅膏属(Amanita)、小孔菌属(Microporus)、多孔菌属(Polyporus)、花耳属(Dacrymyces)、虫草菌属(Cordyceps)等18属。(3)研究区域大型真菌属级区系地理成分可分为10类,主要以世界广布成分为主(61.96%),其次为泛热带成分(23.31%)。该研究发现,岑王老山保护区大型真菌资源丰富,值得深入开发利用的种类较多,研究结果将为该区大型真菌的资源保护与持续利用提供科学依据,并为扩大药源及真菌生药资源的合理开发提供基础资料。

Abstract:

Cenwanglaoshan National Nature Reserve(abbreviated as Cenwanglaoshan Reserve)has a large contiguous forest area, strong primitive forest, complete forest ecosystem, and rich biological resources. To find out the resource status of macrofungi in Cenwanglaoshan Reserve, the macrofungi resources of Cenwanglaoshan Reserve were investigated and collected by random tracking method, and species identification was carried out by combining morphological and molecular biology methods. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 371 macrofungi species were found in this area, belonging to 163 genera of 2 phyla, 6 classes, 19 orders, 71 families, containing 32 edible fungi, 47 medicinal fungi and 17 poisonous fungi.(2)The analysis of the species composition of macrofungi in this area showed that the dominant family(≥ 10 species)had 8 families including Polyporaceae, Omphalotaceae, Xylariaceae, Marasmiaceae, Psathyrellaceae, ect.; the dominant genus(≥5 species)had 18 genera including Xylaria, Marasmius, Gymnopus, Marasmiellus, Russula, Ophiocordyceps, Amanita, Microporus, Polyporus, Dacrymyces, Cordyceps, ect.(3)The floristic geographic elements of the macrofungi genus level in the study area could be divided into 10 categories, mainly cosmopolitan components(61.96%), followed by pantropical components(23.31%). This study finds that the macrofungi resources in Cenwanglaoshan Reserve are abundant, and there are many species that can be further developed and utilized. This study provides a scientific basis for the conservation and sustainable utilization of macrofungi resources in this area, and provides basic data for the expansion of medicinal sources and the rational development of macrofungi crude drug resources.