微波处理对甘蔗种茎萌芽和宿根矮化病脱菌的影响

Effects of microwave treatment on germination of sugarcane seedcane setts and elimination of ratoon stunting disease pathogenic bacterium

关键词:  甘蔗种茎, 微波, 脱菌, 生长发育, 宿根矮化病

Key words:  sugarcane seedcane setts, microwave, elimination of pathogenic bacterium, growth and development, ratoon stunting disease

摘要:

为研究甘蔗种茎微波脱除宿根矮化病(ratoon stunting disease,RSD)病菌的效果,该文通过对甘蔗种茎摆放方式、微波温度和微波时间等条件进行优化,并检测分析微波处理的甘蔗种茎温度均一性、发芽势、发芽率、芽高和病菌阳性率。结果表明:(1)甘蔗种茎5种不同摆放方式中,环绕堆叠状可获得最均匀的微波加热效果。(2)在合适的微波条件下(54～56 ℃),微波处理对甘蔗种茎的生长有一定的促进作用,但微波温度≥58 ℃会对其造成较大的损伤作用。(3)微波处理对甘蔗种茎的RSD具有显著的脱菌效果,其中在54 ℃和56 ℃、20 min和30 min的微波条件下处理的种茎RSD病菌阳性率均降至0,实现完全脱菌。(4)微波54 ℃、20 min条件下处理的甘蔗种茎,10 d发芽率达100%,平均芽高比对照组提高11.67%,并且比54 ℃、30 min的微波条件节约了处理时间和能耗,为该研究中甘蔗种茎微波脱菌的最优处理条件。综上认为,利用微波对甘蔗种茎RSD进行脱菌处理,具有温度均一性好、脱菌效率高和绿色环保等优点,该研究结果为甘蔗健康种茎的制备和繁育提供了新的技术参考。

Abstract:

To study the effect of microwave treatment on the elimination of ratoon stunting disease(RSD)pathogenic bacterium, this study optimized conditions of microwave for sugarcane seedcane setts through systematic investigation of their placement modes, microwave temperature and duration. The temperature uniformity, germinative force, germination rate, shoot height, and positive rate of RSD were systematically analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)Among the five tested placement modes, circularly stacked shape resulted in the optimal spatial arrangement with superior microwave temperature field uniformity.(2)Appropriate microwave condition(54-56 ℃)was found to promote activity of sugarcane seedcane setts growth, while temperatures ≥58 ℃ caused significant damage to it.(3)Microwave treatment exhibited a significant effect on the elimination of RSD pathogenic bacterium, the positive rate of RSD in the sugarcane seedcane setts treated at 54 ℃ and 56 ℃ for 20 min and 30 min was reduced to 0, achieving complete elimination of pathogenic bacterium.(4)Under microwave treatment at 54 ℃ for 20 min, sugarcane seedcane setts achieved a 10-day germination rate of 100%, with an average shoot height of 11.67% higher than the control group. Furthermore, this treatment saved processing time and energy consumption compared to microwave condition of 54 ℃, 30 min, establishing it as the optimal microwave condition. This study utilized microwave technology for the elimination of RSD pathogenic bacterium, demonstrating advantages such as superior temperature uniformity, high elimination of pathogenic bacterium efficiency, and environmental friendliness. The findings offer a novel technical reference for the preparation and propagation of healthy sugarcane seedcane setts.